TEST, SAFETY, SYSTEMS
TO THE WIRE
Jake Holmes discovers how the future of driving could be steer-by-wire rather than traditional axle steering
ZF’s steer-by-wire system E
ngineers are often discouraged from reinventing the wheel, but what about the mechanism that operates it? Global
technology company ZF is fitting NIO’s flagship electric vehicle, the ET9, with its latest steer-by-wire system. Steer-by-wire does away with
traditional axle steering and instead replaces heavy metal poles with lightweight wiring. A mechatronic actuator is situated between the wheels as the sole source of transmitting steering inputs, with no mechanical connection in place. For the driver, the experience is the
same, operating a steering wheel in the cockpit with natural steering feedback reproduced from the so-called torque feedback unit. The technology opens the door to new developments in driving such as smaller steering wheels which may help drivers when parking and manoeuvring.
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HOW DOES IT WORK? Steer-by-wire is electric, intelligent, software-based, and interconnected. These features prime the system for mobility and systems moving forward. ZF’s scalable and modular system makes it easy for companies to transition to steer-by-wire, as integration into existing and future vehicle architectures is supported by its design. Driving instructions are
transmitted by wire to the vehicle’s computer and motors which turn the axel, steering the vehicle. Steering characteristics can be defined specifically for a brand or a particular model using just the software whilst the mechanics remain the same. For deployment in right-hand-drive nations, only the steering wheel actuator needs to be installed on the other side of the cockpit, simplifying the process.
STEERING SAFELY As with any major change to established technology, safety will be a key concern. It is a key factor for other companies deciding to incorporate the new technology, as mitigating risk is a large part of business. But proven safe and successful, ZF may see many companies want to take advantage of the benefits. Jake Morris, portfolio director
at ZF, explains: “Safety of course also means smooth functioning in operation. ZF’s steer-by-wire has all the necessary fallback levels and safety concepts. Compliance with all automotive standards and cyber security is our top priority. The ZF steer-by-wire system has a redundant design. Basically, the requirements for redundancy in terms of mechanics, electronics and power supply are higher to ensure continued operation in case of a subsystem failure.”
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