PRODUCTION • PROCESSING • HANDLING
MONITORING G
Gas concentration Bengt Löfstedt reviews the ‘what, where and how’ of gas monitoring at refineries
as concentration monitoring at refineries can be of importance for safety reasons, but it’s also essential to control production quality, to
minimise losses and thereby production costs, and to meet environmental objectives, potentially with reduced pollution and improved health as results. Which gases to monitor depends on
but also for example carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2
H6
concentrations can range between 0 and 100%. Tail gas monitoring, i.e. the emissions of air pollutants at the end of the production processes, might cover the same gases that are of interest for process control. However, the tail gas often undergoes some combustion process, for example in an afterburner, and other types of gases might also be monitored. Tis can include for example sulphur dioxide (SO2
(H2 O), and hydrogen sulphide (H2
If the concentrations approach dangerous levels, often in the ppm range, the monitor can issue an alarm and the wearer
stage are usually measured in parts-per- million (ppm) ranges. Gas monitoring is sometimes combined with flow monitors to yield the total emissions of pollutants in units of weight-per-time. Te driving force behind emissions monitoring is often requirements from legislators and environmental authorities, requiring proofs of emissions limits being observed. A third application area for gas monitoring is surveillance of the ambient air close to the production facility. When done for personal protection, it is often done with wearable monitors of one or a few hazardous gases, such as CO or H2
dioxide (NO2 S. 32
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), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen ). Te pollutants at this
the production processes in play, and where the monitoring is to take place. For process control purposes, a range of hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4 and benzene (C6
)
) can be of interest, ), water
S). Te
Gas monitoring at refineries can be important for many reasons, such as general safety, production control and meeting environmental standards
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