AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN
variation management capabilities combined with physics-based sensor models, the toolchain ensures the accuracy and realism of simulations in order to effectively test autonomous systems. “Advanced in-vehicle technology
brings many positive benefits to driver safety,” Gajendra agrees. “Advanced technology in ADAS systems – some of which are already in vehicles today such as automatic braking or lane- keep assist – can help make decisions to manoeuvre the vehicle a certain way on behalf of the driver to prevent an accident. As this technology becomes more advanced, we will see better accuracy in the alert systems and ADAS decision making.”
DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES Despite the rapidly increasing capabilities of today’s ADAS systems, plenty of challenges remain regarding their development. “The growing sophistication of ADAS and autonomous driving features means greater code complexity,” continues Gajendra. “Today’s advanced vehicles already require 100 million lines of code, and it’s expected that fully autonomous vehicles will have up to a billion lines of code. To meet these growing software challenges, at Arm we are working with the automotive industry through collaborative
initiatives like SOAFEE and the Autonomous Vehicle computing Consortium to enable open-standards architecture and accelerate automated and assisted driving systems.” Arm recently introduced new
technologies to accelerate vehicle development cycles while powering important functions throughout the car, including autonomous driving and critical real-time safety features. The company has also deployed its leading-edge Armv9 and Neoverse V3AE technologies to the automotive sector with the aim of bringing “server-class performance” to autonomous and ADAS workloads. “In addition to the software, ADAS
requires performant, power-efficient hardware for the software to run on top of,” he adds. “Most importantly, this compute must have safety built in from the ground up that meets stringent safety certification requirements. It will be crucial for automakers to ensure their software foundation is built on safe, power efficient and performant hardware to keep up with the ongoing technological advancements of autonomous driving.” According to Follin, however,
navigating the complex rules around regulatory compliance is perhaps the biggest challenge for manufacturers. “There is an exponential increase in complexity in ADAS/AD systems with
rising levels of autonomy,” he says. “Obtaining regulation compliance for an SAE L2+, L3 level autonomy system is a lengthy, complex and extremely costly process to endure for manufacturers. It has been estimated that around eight billion miles of road testing are required to meet the necessary safety compliance. To achieve such an astronomical number with real world driving is a nearly impossible task and demands a sophisticated solution. Additionally, establishing the highest levels of safety is dependent on evaluating millions of unforeseen, critical edge cases that mimic real-world driving scenarios that can be potentially hazardous to drivers.”
ACCELERATING PROGRESS With all this in mind, what are the next steps on the path towards fully autonomous vehicles? “As AI and software requirements
of software-defined vehicles increase, so does the need to get to market with technology solutions much faster,” offers Gajendra. “To do this, our partners need specialised silicon that allows them to power modern vehicle applications and do so without increasing costs or time to market. We are continuing to enable our partners with new types of silicon, including the Arm Compute Subsystems (CCS) for automotive, which we expect to deliver in 2025 to help reduce the risk of designing specialised silicon while allowing the industry to hit the performance and power requirements of today’s vehicle applications.” According to Follin, “achieving
higher levels of autonomy will require enhancements to existing features and the integration of sensor fusion techniques, greater reliance on AI-driven decision-making, and robust communications capabilities like Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). With the collaboration of engineers, automotive manufacturers, technology developers and drivers, ADAS will continue improving road safety and the overall driving experience until fully autonomous driving becomes a reality.”
ADAS features are becoming increasingly more complex
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