Air Clean-Up
Easier Filler Removal, Allowing 6 to 8% of Sand to be Recovered
The international air treatment company Delta Neu (SFPI group) and laine (Pigeon group) have developed a static, simple and economical system for sand recovery and treatment, that meets the applicable standards for the reutilisation sand in various sectors.
In addition to the economic applications for many quarries, this system provides a greater recycling potential for extraction industry fillers, thus contributing to the meeting of sustainable development objectives.
The extraction, sifting and grinding process in quarries can produce sand that is too rich in fillers. At present, these production by-products are partially unusable and are evacuated and lost, or reprocessed to extract usable sand. For the reprocessed sand to be usable, notably in the public building and works sector, it cannot contain more than a regulatory percentage of fillers, which leads the extraction companies to use several filler removal processes. However, these processes are frequently costly, consume large amounts of energy and are also sophisticated, going further than the regulatory requirements, or they use wet processes, that generate other problems, such as the pollution of the treatment water.
DELTA NEU, specialising in air treatment systems, has developed a sand defillerising system based
on the air-blown grading principle. Following in-house testing, a first defillerising column was installed in the Apilly quarry (France),
which is operated by LAINE (PIGEON group). The performance of this column, which also processes sand from other quarries, was thus validated on an industrial scale.
DELTA NEU specialises in industrial air treatment and is particularly present in the bulk transfer
sector, in which the Company installs specific dust removal systems for conveyor systems, grinders, sifters and silos. These dust removal systems can now be equipped with a system that extracts the fillers from the sand with a constant and precisely defined ratio. The column treats sand grades 0-4 at a rate of 50 tons/hour.
This raw sand contains 10 to 12% filler but leaves the column with a filler content of 2 to 4%.
The sand enters the column at the top, through a blown chute, that maintains the sand filler content in suspension. The remainder falls vertically in the column, where a burster and stone box system spreads the sand across its width. The defillerised sand is then recovered by an output conveyor.
Against the falling sand, the fillers are caught by the rising air blast, and are transferred into a silo by an extractor fan. A JETLINE V type dust remover then filters the air before it is released to the exterior.
This air-blown sorting system thus catches and filters the dust, and recovers a maximum of sand, in one single operation.
Reader Reply Card No 54
Greenhouse Gas Flow Meter Supports EPA’s Next Steps in Preventing Global Warming
AWith the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently calling on 13 states to update their Clean Air Implementation Act Plans in support of its greenhouse gas (GHG) objectives, the ST51 Air/Gas Flow Meter from Fluid Components International (FCI) offers industrial plant engineers a highly reliable solution to GHG monitoring and supports the EPA’s BACT (Best Available Control Technology) initiative.
The US EPA has now identified 13 states that need to make changes to their clean air plans, allowing them to issue permits that include GHG emissions. These states include: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Texas and Wyoming. Flow meters such as FCI’s ST51 support accurate GHG monitoring by providing valuable clean air data necessary for industrial process control.
In January 2011, industries that are large emitters of GHGs, and are planning to build new facilities or make major modifications to existing ones, will work with permitting authorities to identify and implement the most efficient control technologies to minimise GHG emissions. This includes the nation’s largest GHG emitters, such as power plants, refineries and cement production facilities. The second phase (July 2011 to June 2013) will apply to new construction projects with GHG emissions of 100,000 tons per year, or modifications that increase pollutants by 75,000 tons per year.
The ST51 supports BACT (Best Available Control Technology) practices, which require technologies that achieve the maximum degree of emissions control that can be achieved by a particular facility and is based
on a case-by-case decision that takes into account technical feasibility, cost and other energy, environmental and economic impacts. The “EPA considers a technology to be technically feasible if it has been demonstrated in practice" (refer to Page 35 of PSD and Title V permitting Guidance for Greenhouse Gases). The ST51 Flow Meter is ideal for the measurement and monitoring of industrial plant greenhouse gases. The ST51 features a no-moving parts design that’s non-clogging and operates over a wide flow range with low-flow sensitivity. It’s packaged in an explosion-proof transmitter, and the calibration is matched to the user’s actual gas composition and installation conditions.
FCI designed the ST51 Flow Meter to measure and monitor GHG per the EPA’s requirements. It features a thermal mass, insertion-style flow element with flow accuracy to ±1% of reading over a broad flow range from 0.3 to 400 SFPS (0.08 to 122 MPS), and repeatability of ±0.5 percent of reading. The flow element is available for use in line sizes from 2 to 24 inches (51 to 610 mm). It operates over a wide turndown range of 100:1 and at temperatures from 0 to 250°F (-18 to 121°C). It withstands pressures up to 500 psig [34 bar (g)].
The ST51 Flow Meter’s robust thermal mass flow sensing element has no moving parts and no orifices to clog or foul to attain virtually maintenance-free service in wet, dirty biogas applications. The flow element is constructed with a 316L stainless steel body and Hastelloy C-22 thermowell sensors to resist corrosion. It includes built-in temperature compensation circuitry for accurate, repeatable measurement year-round as temperatures rise and fall seasonally.
The ST51 flow meter is rich with outputs for user interfaces and information. Dual 4-20mA analog outputs are user assignable to flow rate and/or temperature, and there is a 0-1kHz pulse output for totalised flow. The transmitter’s digital communications include an RS-232C port, and with units that have the digital display option there is a wireless IR link for PDA use.
Reader Reply Card No 55
$280 Billion Air and Water Treatment Markets
The performance of filters and other air and water treatment equipment can now not only be monitored remotely but optimised by sophisticated software programs. Increasingly plants see advantages in outsourcing maintenance. Materials developed for compressed air filtration may find use in dust collection and liquid purification. As a result, many companies are now interested in the broader definition which defines a $280 billion/yr market.
Air and Water Related Markets ($ Billions) Category
Air equipment Liquid equipment Air systems Liquid systems Measurement technology Process control/optimisation
Consulting/contract operations and other services in air and water
Total
2010 Revenues $ 65,000 65,000 40,000 40,000 15,000 15,000 40,000 $280,000
This definition includes the tiny filters used in computer disk drives and the power plant dust collectors the size of a five story apartment building. It includes the cartridges used with home tap water and the huge desalination plants supplying the desert cities in the Middle East.
This total also includes the treatment chemicals. Nalco is a good example of a chemical company which is expanding into the supply of hardware for both air and water purification. GE is very active in treatment chemicals through the former Betz. It supplies liquid treatment hardware through the former Ionics and Osmonics and dust collection through the former BHA.
There is a range of treatment technologies included: filtration, centrifugal separation, electrostatic forces, impingement, adsorption and chemical change. Chemical change includes thermal treatment and the oxidation of organics. Vehicle exhaust is one of the biggest market segments for oxidation (through catalytic converters) but there are strong industrial markets. A big new market for oxidation is the cement industry. This industry has suddenly been required to eliminate toxic organic emissions.
The air markets include indoor air, stack gases and mobile sources. Johnson Matthey has oxidation technology for both the stack gas and mobile markets. Donaldson started in the mobile area and pioneered the introduction of mobile technology for stationary stack gas applications. Clarcor is active in indoor air, stack gases, mobile and in some areas of the liquid market as well.
Some companies are very big players in narrow segments. Dow Chemical is the leading supplier of reverse osmosis membranes but is not strong in other markets. 3M is the largest supplier of the medium efficiency residential HVAC filters but has a tiny share of the stack gas market with a special high temperature filter media.
Siemens has significant activities in measurement and control as well as in treatment systems in both air and water. They also have contract services including complete outsourcing of some types of treatment.
Reader Reply Card No 56
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www.pollutionsolutions-online.com • February / March 2011
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