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and graceful through their territory. The territory can reach sizes of up to 88 ha. Such a large territory is necessary to find sufficient fruits, seeds and insects. One bird group is organized in a strict hierarchy and leaded by the most experienced individual. Lower-ranking birds act submissive towards higher- ranking birds: They spread their wings, duck down and produce loud, high pitched and tweeting sounds. A surprising behavior that resembles the one of young chicks. The high-ranking bird acknowledge its dominance by repetitively snapping its wings upwards. If lower-ranking birds can reach a higher rank in another group, it may certainly happen that they leave


24 BIRD SCENE


their own group. Often young birds transfer when reaching their maturity at an age of one to two years. This happens mostly during territorial fights. Trumpeters defend their territory very aggressive to secure its large size, which is needed to provide enough food for all of the group members. During territorial fights, the task of females and juveniles is to call as loud and impressing as possible. Meanwhile, males fight against and chase away the individuals of the foreign group. At the same time low- ranking birds then take the chance to join the rivals. For males this is in general much easier than for the females: The new group easily accepts the males,


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