In-Season Nitrogen Application Boosts Profits U


COLUMBIA, MO.


se of in-season ni- trogen on corn has increased in Mis-


souri and surrounding states over the past 10 years. What used to be rare is now common. Some of these applica- tions are planned, but others are to give corn yields a boost when wet weather causes nitrogen loss. In-season


nitrogen


helps the corn in wet springs like 2020, says University of Missouri Extension nutrient man- agement specialist Peter Scharf. “In a wet year, timing means a lot to profits. In-season mat- ters. If you need more, there’s still time,” Scharf said on June 30. MU Extension nutrient


management specialist John Lory agrees. “You can put nitrogen on re- markably late,” Lory


said. “Late nitrogen,


when needed, almost al- ways pays and may not hurt yield as much as you think.” Scharf and Lory belong


to MU Extension re- search teams that have studied late-season ni- trogen application for decades. The results sur- prised them in terms of how well the corn re- sponded.


high,


After the corn is knee- it begins rapid


growth and needs more nitrogen. However, MU research shows that ni- trogen application de- layed until V12 to V16 rarely reduced yield po- tential. Aerial and satellite im-


“What we


thought would be too late for the corn turned out not to be,” Scharf said. “Machinery is more limit- ing than the biology of the plant. So if your plants need it, get going and figure out the ma- chines.” Excess rains in some


parts of the state leave corn producers facing se- rious management deci- sions, Lory said. Corn in danger zones may need rescue nitrogen to boost yields.


ages offer quick and ac- curate ways to assess nitrogen needs, Scharf said. Sensors mounted on applicators also can assess


These methods measure crop “greenness,” which correlates to chlorophyll content and nitrogen sta- tus. The MU Certified Strip


Trial Program will work with producers in north- eastern and east-central Missouri who are inter- ested in testing the use of satellite imagery to pre- dict nitrogen need. MU Extension’s Nitro- gen Watch website, at ex-


t e deficiencies.


n


-


sion2.missouri.edu/n- watch,


tracks spring


rainfall and identifies areas that are on track to have nitrogen deficien- cies. It will be updated weekly until nitrogen loss slows in July. Risk of in-season nitro-


gen loss varies based on rainfall and soil type. High-risk fields include those with soils high in clay, which are most at risk of nitrogen loss after heavy rain because clay hangs onto the water. This leads to denitrifica- tion in warm soil. Exces- sive rainfall puts sandy soils at high risk of nitro- gen loss due to leaching. Leaching can also de- plete nitrogen on well- drained loamy soils, but the risk is lower than in sandy soils. When applying nitro-


gen fertilizer to standing corn ,make sure you


know how to best man- age your fertilizer prod- uct, Lory said. Urea can be broadcast over corn with minimal damage to the plants. Treat urea with a nitrogen stabiliza- tion product like Agro- tain if you are applying to corn less than 2 feet tall. Be careful with urea-


ammonium nitrate solu- tions, Lory added. Apply below the canopy to pre- vent burning plant leaves. Use dribble or banded applications to minimize contact with surface residues that can tie up applied nitrogen. Ammonium nitrate can


also burn plants if it is broadcast over the top of a corn crop. It should probably be avoided in corn that is more than 2 feet tall. For corn up to 2 feet tall, it is an excellent option. Plan ahead for what machines are available to


apply late-season nitro- gen. Planes, high-clear- ance


spinners and


high-clearance sprayers with large tanks are op- tions. By early July, planes may be con- tracted for fungicide ap- plication. If fields remain wet, ground equipment may not be an option. Have a backup plan. Profitability depends


more on nitrogen defi- ciency level than timing. In significantly nitrogen- deficient corn, rescue ap- plications are likely to be profitable up to two weeks after silking, Lory said. For more information


“Nitrogen loss and late-


season N application for corn” (PDF slide deck), ext ens iondata.mi s - souri.edu/Pro/Nutrient- Management/Docs/Nitro genLossAndLateSeason- NAppForCorn.pdf .


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