14 The HBCU Advocate Hidden Figures FROM PAGE 1


recipient’s field for years to come. “I am proud to introduce


this bill with my colleagues to honor Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, and Dr. Christine Darden with Congressional Gold Medals,” said Senator Coons. “Each of these women played an important role at NASA during the Space Race, but for many years their accomplishments remained hidden. This bill will help recognize these extraordinary women and bring their accomplishments into the light so they can serve as an inspiration to younger generations of women in science, particularly those of color.”


The "Hidden Figures


Congressional Gold Medal Act" (S.3321) was introduced in recognition of their contributions to the success of the National Aeronautics


and Space


Administration during the Space Race.


The 2016 movie “Hidden


Figures” is based on the #1 New York Times Bestseller book of the same name by Hampton native Margot Lee Shetterly. Despite Virginia’s Jim Crow laws requiring them to be segregated


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from their white counterparts, the women of Langley’s all-black “West Computing” group were key in America’s triumphs in the early days of the US-Soviet Space Race. Using pencils, slide rules and adding machines these “human computers” crunched the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space.


“I’m encouraged to be joined by


so many colleagues as we introduce the Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act. This Act will award Congress’s highest honor to Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson, and Dr. Christine Darden, four black women who served as mathematicians, programmers, and engineers at NASA at the infancy of the Space age when the agency was emerging from segregation,”said Senator Murkowski. “These impressive women overcame significant hurdles to attain their educational and professional goals, and they continue to serve as important role models, today. In introducing this bill, I hope we send a positive message encouraging young women across the nation to pursue study, scholarship, and careers in STEM.”


Katherine Johnson, who


calculated trajectories for multiple NASA space missions including the first human spaceflight by


an American, Alan Shepard’s Freedom 7 mission. She also calculated trajectories for John Glenn’s Friendship 7 mission to orbit the earth. During her time at NASA, she became the first woman recognized as an author of a report from the Flight Research Division. President Barack Obama presented the Hampton resident with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015.


Dorothy Vaughan, who led the


West Area Computing unit for nine years, as the first African American supervisor at National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later became NASA. She later became an expert programmer in FORTRAN as a part of NASA’s Analysis and Computation Division. The former Newport News resident retired from NASA in 1971, at the age of 60. She died on November 10, 2008, aged 98.


Mary Jackson, who petitioned


the City of Hampton to allow her to take graduate-level courses in math and physics at night at the all-white Hampton High School in order to become an engineer at NASA. She was the first female African- American engineer at the agency. Later in her career, she worked to improve the prospects of NASA’s female mathematicians, engineers, and scientists as Langley’s Federal Women’s Program Manager. The Hampton native died in 2005.


Dr. Christine Darden, who


became an engineer at NASA 16 years after Mary Jackson. She worked to revolutionize aeronautic design, wrote over 50 articles on


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aeronautics design, and became the first African-American person of any gender to be promoted into the Senior Executive Service at Langley.


“These women were barrier


breakers, and their immeasurable contributions to NASA and our nation have cemented their place in history,” said Senator Harris. “For too long, their extraordinary accomplishments remained in the shadows, with the world unaware of the critical role they placed in the Space Race. I’m proud to help recognize their achievements as they continue to serve as a beacon for black women both young and old, across the country.”


The bill is endorsed by the Girl


Scouts of the USA, Girl Scouts of Alaska, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Physical Society, Association for Women in Science, National Association for Equal Opportunity, Society of Women Engineers, Thurgood Marshall College Fund, United Negro College Fund, National Center for Women , and Information Technology, Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Hampton Roads Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Association for Women in Math, American Mathematical Society, National Association of Mathematicians, Mathematical Association of America, National Congress of Black Women, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, American Chemical Society, and American Geophysical Union.


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