Table 1. Average Input of Lubricants from Deck-Based Machinery in Port


Deck Machinery Type Deck crane gears


Dredge pump shaft bearings Gear-driven mooring winches Gear-driven windlasses Hose-handling cranes


Hydraulic system prov cranes Hydraulic deck machinery


Hydraulic windlass mooring winches Hydraulic capstans Hydraulic cranes


Hydraulic hatch systems Hydraulic mooring winches Hydraulic split systems


Hydraulic system stern ramps Miscellaneous hydraulic systems Ro-ro hydraulic systems Hydraulic water-tight doors Hydraulic windlasses Towing winches


Towing winch gears Hydraulic trim tabs Tugger winches TOTAL


D.S. Etkin. (2010)


In Table 2 shown right, Etkin estimated the average inputs (discharges) of lubricants from deck equipment from all vessel types. According to research findings provided by Etkin, it is estimated that approximately 10% of the oil that enters the water is through runoff or deck washdowns.


Based on Etkin’s research, discharges from deck equipment were primarily from bulk carriers and container ships. Hydraulic deck equipment was the greatest source of lubricant discharge.


Average Input per Port Visit (liters)


0.073 0.033 0.102 0.024 0.007 0.022 0.197 0.019 0.030 0.096 0.126 0.110 0.007 0.027 0.210 0.007 0.004 0.095 0.005 0.003 0.025 0.010 1.232


Table 2. On-Deck Machinery: Lubricant Consumption per Vessel Port Visit


Average Vessel Type Bulk Carrier


Container Ship General Cargo Chemical Tanker Cement Carrier Passenger/Ro-Ro Ro-Ro Cargo Ship Self Disch. Bulk Crude Oil Tanker Pontoon


Chemical Tanker Dredger


Refrig. Cargo Oil Prod.Tanker Tug


Ore Carrier Offshore Tug


Passenger /Cruise Motor Hopper Heavy Load Carr. Fishing Vessel Crane Ship


Container Ro-Ro Vehicles Carrier Trans Shipment Wood Chip Carr Offshore Supply Bulk/Oil Carrier Dredger


Palletised Cargo Research Vessel Live Fish Carrier Passenger/ Cargo LPG Tanker


Consumption per Port Visit (litres)


57.92 57.70 52.14 51.00 42.38 39.96 36.90 30.47 30.18 25.00 24.79 23.60 21.03 20.12 20.00 19.00 13.40 12.50 12.33 11.67 11.50 11.00 10.87 10.17 9.50 9.50 8.56 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.67 6.00 5.25 5.05


D.S. Etkin. (2010)


34 | The Report • December 2017 • Issue 82


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