OE2017 PREVIEW
SUBSEA A HOOK:
AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO SAFE SUBSEA LIFTING OPERATIONS
INTrODuCTION
Lifting and lowering of loads in subsea operations is one of the most common tasks required in the whole life cycle of an offshore oil and gas field. During the drilling, field development, and production phases, everything used and deployed underwater needs to be transported, handled, installed, and - when required - removed for maintenance, repair, and replacement. Equipment and tools need to be carried down to the seabed and lifted back to the surface when the work is done. All this requires the use of reliable and safe rigging equipment, such as slings, hooks, and lifting attachments (shackles, eyebolts, pad eyes, etc.).
Normally a hook provides the immediate connection between the crane’s side sling and the load. Thus, hooks play an important role in ensuring the success of any subsea lifting/lowering operation.
The history of incidents involving hooks in the offshore industry is long. There is masses of documentation available evidencing the importance of paying attention to the risks related to the use of the most common types of hooks used in today’s offshore operations. The two most common types of incidents are snagging of hooks and unintentional release of rigging from the hooks (shedding). According to the Offshore Safety Division of the UK’s health & Safety Executive (hSE), the dangers arising from both the snagging of hooks and the shedding of slings/pennants when operating in an offshore environment can be potentially lethal.
Incidents were first identified in topside lifting operations, in particular in relation
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to crane operations when performing supply boat lifts. however, with increasing subsea operations requiring equipment to be moved to and installed on the seabed, the numbers of incidents related to hooks have also increased in this area of operations. All of the aforementioned issues and incidents involving hooks occurring topside are also applicable to subsea lifts. however, compared to the scenario where elements of the lift operation occur in air, lifting and lowering loads in a subsea environment introduces further hazards related to the same issues of snagging and shedding of loads.
SNAggINg Of hOOkS
The traditional ‘single point hook’ has a safety latch with a spring return safety latch. This type of hook has a protruding ‘nose’ on the tip of the hook that may snag on to objects such as scaffold tubes, hoses, small bore tubing or pipework, or divers’ umbilicals. It can also catch any section that forms a lip such as rectangular hollow sections, channels, and flat protruding edges.
A variation on this type of hook was designed for ROV attachment and detachment. This design is commonly referred to as the ‘snap hook’ as loads are easily ‘snapped’ into the hook through the spring operated latch. This ROV operable design included an increased nose protrusion to facilitate easy attachment of slings and master links, and the ability to release rigging from the hook by upending using a lanyard that simultaneously opens the safety latch. Whilst making it easier and quicker to attach loads using an ROV, this new design also increased the potential for accidental snagging.
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ShEDDINg Of LOAD
When lifting loads in a dynamic offshore environment it has been evident that certain circumstances allow rigging to release from the standard ‘single point’ hooks, including the ROV ‘snap hook’ version. There are two subtly different
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