Fines Sand grain sizes substantially smaller than the predomi-
nant grain size. Finish allowance Te amount of stock left on the surface of
a casting for machining. Finish mark A symbol (f, fl,
f2 , etc.) appearing on the line of a
Flash A thin section of metal formed at the mold, core or die joint or parting in a casting.
drawing that represents the edge of the surface of the cast- ing to be machined or otherwise finished.
Flask A rigid metal or wood frame used to hold the sand of which a metalcasting mold is formed and
usually consisting of two parts, a cope and drag. Floor molding Used when pattern sizes prohibit the use of a molding machine; the pattern is bolted to the floor, and the assem- bled mold is moved by crane.
Fluxing Applying a solid or gaseous material to molten metal to remove oxides and other foreign material.
Foundry returns Metal (of known composition) in the form of gates, sprues, runners, risers and scrapped castings returned to the furnace for remelting (Fig. 5).
Holding furnace A furnace for maintaining molten metal supplied from a larger melting furnace at the proper pouring temperature.
Hotbox process A resin-based process that uses heated metal coreboxes to produce cores.
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) A process used to improve the internal soundness, increase the density and im- prove the properties of a casting. Castings are placed in an inert atmosphere in a pressure vessel, where the temperature is raised to near the solidus. The pressure is increased in the vessel, causing plastic deformation that collapses the internal porosity.
Hot tear An irregularly shaped fracture in a casting resulting
Furan Generic term for a family of chemical compounds, including furfu- ral and furfuryl alcohol, used as binders for core sands.
Gage A device for determining the dimensional size of an object (also spelled gauge).
Galvanize To coat iron or steel with zinc.
Gas porosity A condition existing in a casting caused by the trapping of gas in the molten metal or by mold gases evolved during the pouring of the casting.
Gate (ingate) Te portion of the run- ner where the molten metal enters the mold cavity (Fig. 6).
Grain An individual crystal in a metal or alloy. Also an individual component of aggregate when referring to metalcast- ing sands.
Graphite One of the soft, crystal forms of carbon.
Green sand Moist, clay-bonded molding sand.
Grain fineness number (GFN) A system for expressing the average grain size of a given sand.
Heat A single furnace charge of metal. Heat treatment A combination of heat-
High pressure mold A strong, high- density mold made by air or hy- draulic pressure or another squeeze process.
ing and cooling operations timed and applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state in a manner that will produce desired mechanical properties.
2014 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING 47
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