ratio remains constant at 0.25 over a large compressive stress range and increases at higher stress levels. Gray iron is ideally suited for
machine bases and supports, engine cylinder blocks and brake components. Ductile iron—An unusual combination
of properties is obtained in ductile iron because the graphite occurs as spheroids rather than as flakes (Table 3). Ductile iron exhibits a linear stress-strain relationship, a considerable range of yield strengths and ductility. Castings are made in a wide range of sizes with very thin or thick sections.
Table 1. Iron Specifications, Characteristics & Applications Standard Specifications
• ASTM A48: gray iron castings • ASTM A74: cast iron soil & pipe fittings • ASTM A126: gray iron castings for valves, flanges & pipe fittings • ASTM A159: automotive gray iron castings • SAE J431: automotive gray iron castings • ASTM A278 & ASME SA278: gray iron castings for pressure-containing parts for temperatures up to 650F (343C)
• ASTM A319: gray iron castings for elevated temperatures for non-pressure-containing parts
• ASTM A823: statically cast permanent mold castings • ASTM A834: common requirements for iron castings for general industrial use
Standard Specifications
• ASTM A395 & ASME SA395: ferritic ductile iron pressure-retaining castings for use at elevated temperatures
• ASTM A439: austenitic ductile iron castings • ASTM A476 & ASME SA476: ductile iron castings for paper mill dryer rolls • ASTM A536 & SAE J434: ductile iron castings • ASTM A571 & ASME SA571: austenitic ductile iron castings for pressure-containing parts suitable for low-temperature service
• ASTM A874: ferritic ductile iron castings suitable for low-temperature service • ASTM A897: austempered ductile iron castings
Standard Specifications • ASTM A842: CGI castings
Characteristics
Several grades for both strength & ductility; high strength, ductility & wear resistance; contact fatigue resistance; ability to withstand thermal cycling; and production of fracture- critical components.
Characteristics
A compromise of properties between gray & ductile iron.
Te different grades are produced by
controlling the matrix structure around the graphite either as-cast or by heat treatment. Only minor compositional differences (to promote the desired matrix microstructure) exist among the regular grades. Alloy additions may be
Characteristics
Several strength grades; vibration damping; low rate of thermal expansion & resistance to thermal fatigue; lubrication retention; and good machinability.
Applications
Automobile engine blocks & heads; manifolds for internal combustion engines; gas burners; machine tool bases; dimensionally stable tooling subjected to temperature variations, such as gear blanks & forming die covers; cylinder liners for internal combustion engines; intake manifolds; soil pipes; counterweights; and enclosures & housings.
Applications
Steering knuckles; plow shares; gears; automotive & truck suspension components; brake components; valves; pumps; linkages; hydraulic com- ponents; and wind turbine housings.
Applications
Diesel engine blocks & frames; cylinder liners; brake discs for trains; power generators; exhaust manifolds; pump housings; and brackets.
Standard Specifications • ASTM A532: abrasion-resistant white iron castings Characteristics
Extremely hard & wear-resistant.
Standard Specifications
• ASTM A47 & ASME SA47: ferritic malleable iron castings • ASTM A197: cupola malleable iron • ASTM A220: pearlitic malleable iron • ASTM A338: malleable iron flanges, pipe fittings & valve parts for railroad, marine & other heavy-duty service up to 650F (343C) • ASTM A602 & SAE J158: automotive malleable iron castings
Standard Specifications Characteristics Soft & extremely ductile.
Chains; sprockets; tool parts & hardware; connecting rods; drive train & axle components; and spring suspensions.
Characteristics
• ASTM A436: austenitic gray iron castings • ASTM A518: corrosion-resistant high-silicon iron castings
Corrosion resistant; retains strength & dimensions during elevated-temperature expo- sure; and able to withstand thermal cycling.
2014 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY Applications
Chemical processing; petro- leum refining; food handling & marine service; control of corrosive fluids; and pres- sure valves.
Applications Crushing &
grinding applications; and grinding balls.
Applications
METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING
17
Alloyed Iron
Malleable Iron
White Iron
CGI
Ductile Iron
Gray Iron
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