Water Directive (with implications for coastal waters and land- based pollution) and the ICZM Recommendation.

Besides the directives and recommendations issued by the Eu- ropean Commission the Council of Europe has also fostered the

development of The Convention on the Conservation of Euro- pean Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) dealing with biodiversity preservation and the European Landscape Convention which has implications for the management of the coastal zone.

Action Plans for the conservation and/or management of endangered or threatened species1 and sensitive seascapes

Issues covered

Coastal ecosystems and landscapes Pollution Eutrophication Marine litter Marine noise Non-indigenous species Commercially exploited fish and shellfish Seafloor integrity Hydrographical conditions Marine food webs Biodiversity

1. Including, but not limited to, the species listed as endangered or threatened in Annex II of the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas (SPAs) and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 2. Action Plan for the Management of the Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) 3. Action Plan for the Conservation of Mediterranean Marine Turtles 4. Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea 5. Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Vegetation in the Mediterranean Sea 6. Action Plan for the Conservation of Bird Species Listed in Annex II of the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas (SPAs) and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 7. Action Plan for the Conservation of Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondricthyans) in the Mediterranean Sea 8. Action Plan for the Conservation of the Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions in the Mediterranean Sea

Action Plan for the Monk Seal2

Action Plan for Marine Turtles3

Action Plan for Cetaceans4

Action Plan for Marine

Vegetation5

Action Plan for Bird Species6

Action Plan for Cartilaginous Fishes7

Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions8

Action Plan for

Issues covered

Coastal ecosystems and landscapes Pollution Eutrophication Marine litter Marine noise Non-indigenous species Commercially exploited fish and shellfish Seafloor integrity Hydrographical conditions Marine food webs Biodiversity

1. Special Agreement for the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic area (under the Bonn Convention) 2. The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

ACCOBAMS1

Other Regional agreements Bern

Convention2

Regional and international regulatory bodies

European Land- scape Convention

Issues covered

Coastal ecosystems and landscapes Pollution Eutrophication Marine litter Marine noise Non-indigenous species Commercially exploited fish and shellfish Seafloor integrity Hydrographical conditions Marine food webs Biodiversity

1. FAO General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean 2. International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

GFCM1 ICCAT2

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STATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT