Sea-floor integrity Ecological Objective

Sea-floor integrity is maintained, especially in priority benthic habitats1

Operational Objectives

Extent of physical alteration to the substrate is minimized

Impact of benthic disturbance in priority benthic habitats is minimized

Indicators Distribution of bottom impacting activities2

Area of the substrate affected by physical alteration due to the different activities2 Impact of bottom impacting activities2

in priority benthic habitats

Change in distribution and abundance of indicator species in priority habitats3

1. E.g. coastal lagoons and marshes, intertidal areas, seagrass meadows, coralligenous communities, sea mounts, submarine canyons and slopes, deep-water coral and hydrothermal vents 2. E.g bottom fishing, dredging activities ,sediment disposal, seabed mining, drilling, marine installations, dumping and anchoring, land reclamation, sand and gravel extraction 3. Indicator species to be used to assess the ecosystem effects of physical damage to the benthos could refer to disturbance-sensitive and/or disturbance-tolerant species, as appropriate to the circumstances, in line with methodologies developed to assess the magnitude and duration of ecological effects of benthic disturbance

Hydrography Ecological Objective

Alteration of hydrographic conditions does not adversely affect coastal and marine ecosystems.

Operational Objectives

Impacts to the marine and coastal ecosystem induced by climate variability and/or climate change are minimized

Alterations due to permanent constructions on the coast and watersheds, marine installations and seafloor anchored structures are minimized

Indicators

Large scale changes in circulation patterns, temperature, pH, and salinity distribution

Long term changes in sea level

Impact on the circulation caused by the presence of structures

Location and extent of the habitats impacted directly by the alterations and/or the circulation changes induced by them: footprints of impacting structures

Trends in sediment delivery, especially in major deltaic systems

Extent of area affected by coastal erosion due to sedi- ment supply alterations

Impacts of alterations due to changes in freshwater flow from watersheds, seawater inundation and coastal freatic intrusion, brine input from desalination plants and seawater intake and outlet are minimized

Trends in fresh water/sea water volume delivered to salt marshes, lagoons, estuaries, and deltas; desalination brines in the coastal zone

Location and extent of the habitats impacted by changes in the circulation and the salinity induced by the alterations

Changes in key species distribution due to the effects of seawater intake and outlet

Coastal ecosystems and landscapes Ecological Objective

The natural dynamics of coastal areas are maintained and coastal ecosystems and landscapes are preserved

Operational Objectives

The natural dynamic nature of coastlines is respected and coastal areas are in good condition

Indicators

Areal extent of coastal erosion and coastline instability Changes in sediment dynamics along the coastline Areal extent of sandy areas subject to physical disturbance1

Integrity and diversity of coastal ecosystems, landscapes and their geomorphology are preserved

Length of coastline subject to physical disturbance due to the influence of manmade structures Change of land-use2 Change of landscape types Share of non-fragmented coastal habitats

1. Physical disturbance includes beach cleaning by mechanical means, sand mining, beach sand noursihment 2. Land-use classess according to the classification by Eurostat-OCDE, 1998: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/q2004land.pdf

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, MAJOR FINDINGS AND GAPS AND NEXT STEPS IN THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH 79