Table 2. Property Comparisons for Gray Iron Classes Property
Class 25 (as-cast)
Brinell Hardness Tensile Strength
Modulus of Elasticity Tensile Poisson’s Ratio
Compression Poisson’s Ratio Compression-to-Tensile Strength Ratio
60-40-18 65-45-12
Treatment 1
2 80-50-06 2 Heat 187
29.9 ksi (206 MPa) 16.6 Msi (114 GPa) 0.29 0.27 3.68
Strength Tensile
Class 30 (as-cast)
207
(annealed) 109
Class 30
Class 35 (as-cast)
212
Class 40 (as-cast)
235
33.7 ksi (232 MPa) 20.6 ksi (142 MPa) 34.8 ksi (240 MPa) 41.9 ksi (289 MPa) 17.0 Msi (117 GPa) 14.5 Msi (100 GPa) 0.19 0.28 3.84
0.21 0.26 4.05
Table 3. Property Comparisons for Ductile Iron Grades (ASTM A536) Grade
Strength
60,000 psi (413 MPa) 40,000 psi (276 MPa) 65,000 psi (448 MPa) 80,000 psi (551 MPa)
45,000 psi (310 MPa) 55,000 psi (379 MPa)
100-70-03 3 100,000 psi (689 MPa) 70,000 psi (482 MPa) 120-90-02 4 120,000 psi (827 MPa) 90,000 psi (620 MPa)
made to assist in controlling the matrix structure as-cast or to provide response to heat treatment. Because of its strength and ductility,
ductile iron is often specified for severe applications. Ductile iron’s other major markets include engineered components for both on-road and off-road applica- tions, compressors, valves and fittings, diesel engine parts, printing and packaging equipment, and oil field machinery. ADI—Te high-strength grades of ductile iron can be quenched and tempered to form a bainite-like matrix produced by austempering. Austempered ductile iron offers a combination of me- chanical properties equivalent to cast and forged steels and production costs similar to those of conventional ductile iron (Table 4). An ADI-designed component often can be produced for 20% less than a forged steel part and up to 50% less than an aluminum part. Reasons for its economy include excellent castability, lower machining cost due to nearer net shape manufacturing, a lower heat treat- ing cost and 100% ability to recycle. ADI also provides a wide range of
properties with varying heat treatments, ranging from 10-15% elongation with 125 ksi (870 MPa) tensile strength to 250 ksi (1,750 MPa) tensile strength with 1-3% elongation. CADI—CADI combines the wear
resistance of high-chromium abrasion- resistant irons with toughness. To create CADI, ductile irons are induced to create a carbidic microstructure by alloying with carbide stabilizers, such as chromium, molybdenum or titanium. Te resulting microstructure consists of a given volume of carbides within an ausferrite matrix. Te volume fraction of carbide present, as well as the micro-
2012 Casting sourCe DireCtory Metal Casting Design & PurChasing 17 Yield % Elongation
18.0 Msi (124 GPa) 18.2 Msi (126 GPa) 0.22 0.28 3.63
0.24 0.23 3.71
(min. 2 in.) Hardness Ratio 18 12 6 3 2
130-170 150-220 170-250 241-300 240-300
structural scale of the ausferrite, can be controlled to provide a range of material properties. Te abrasion resistance of CADI is higher than traditional ADI and increases with increasing car- bide content. Test results indicate the toughness of the material is superior to abrasion resistant irons. It has been shown to have a longer life and more wear-resistance than Grade 5 ADI. While most interest in CADI
0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
Brinell Poisson’s Tensile Elastic Modulus
24.5 Msi (169 GPa) 24.5 Msi (169 GPa) 24.5 Msi (169 GPa) 25.5 Msi (176 GPa) 25.5 Msi (176 Gpa)
initially has come from the agricultural sector, it has potential as chill carbide camshafts, railroad applications like contact suspension components and railcar/hopper wear plates, digger teeth and scarifiers, cutters, mill hammers, flails, guards, covers, chutes, plates, hous- ings, transport tubes, elbow and crusher rollers, pump components, wear housings and plates, conveyor wear parts, skids and skid rails, rollers and blast parts.
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