(Chapter 12 Marine Mammal Ecology) (see section 9.2 for an explanation). Marine invertebrates may be affected by B-fields but any effects are expected to be largely negated by burial. Elasmobranchs have been highlighted as potentially vulnerable taxa owing to their acute sensitivity to EMFs. Potential avoidance zones have been calculated and suggest that significant avoidance reactions are unlikely to occur. Industry research into avoidance / repulsion effects has been largely inconclusive, and although a potential impact cannot be ruled out, any effects are expected to be minor and occur within close proximity of the cables.


Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014


East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm


Chapter 9 Underwater Noise Page 22


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