Specialist Marine Consultants Ltd
FEATURE SPONSOR
MARINE COORDINATION
INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES IN MARINE COORDINATION
Marine coordination in offshore wind involves the planning and oversight of marine operations to be undertaken within an offshore windfarm, in addition to cooperation with national authorities in providing effecting incident response.
United Kingdom – safety measures are expected to be implemented for UK windfarms appropriate to the level of risk determined from the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in consultation with the Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA).
Denmark – there are no mandatory requirements for continuous, remote marine coordination and traffic monitoring in Danish windfarms.
Germany – Bundesministerum für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) has established requirements for monitoring of offshore windfarms, based on the results of the mandatory environmental risk assessment (i.e. EIA).
Netherlands – arrangements for the monitoring of windfarms are listed as mitigation measures to be taken into account when determining the safety zones, but they are not explicitly required.
STATUTORY SAFETY ZONES United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) allows a coastal state to establish a safety zone of up to 500 m around an offshore installation or structure within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
It is common practice in the North Sea to establish such a safety zone around a windfarm in construction, or around major maintenance activity to act as a control on third party traffic. An example definition of major maintenance is an activity involving a large vessel (self-elevating unit, floating barge, heavy lift vessel, DP/anchorage cable lay barge, etc).
United Kingdom – during construction, major maintenance, possible extension and decommissioning a temporary safety zone of 500m around each structure will normally apply.
Denmark – Danish windfarms follow the practice of establishing 500m safety zones around windfarm installations and activities during construction, but do not typically extend these into operation.
Germany – in Germany, the windfarms are always closed to outside activity. BSH applies a 500m safety zone around the entire windfarm during the construction and operations phase.
Netherlands – current windfarms in the Netherlands apply a 500m safety zone around the site and this practice is expected to continue.
IN-FIELD OPERATIONS
A wealth of industry standards have been developed for different marine operations in the offshore industry such as diving, cable-laying, lifting or other construction, installation and maintenance activities required by offshore.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Special environmental concerns related to offshore wind turbines are covered by relevant environmental regulations for each country.
United Kingdom – the UK has the most extensive requirements for noise mitigation. Soft-start is required. Marine mammal observers are also required, although their extent and method of employment is site specific.
Denmark – in Denmark, the environmental impact assessment is used to determine the environmental permit requirements.
Germany – developers in German waters are obliged to employ some form of noise mitigation during piling. Soft-start is required.
Netherlands – noise mitigation requirements in the Netherlands include soft-start during piling, as well as seasonal restrictions on fish larvae, as the noise is thought to disturb feeding and reproduction cycles. Piling is not permitted between 1st January and 1st July for any site.
Martin Collingwood Head of construction Andrew Jackson Solicitors
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www.windenergynetwork.co.uk
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