TUTORIAL PHOTO
Step FOUR!
Know your aperture, shutter speed, and stops.
1) Stops
A stop is the difference between the numerical value in either shutter speed or aperture. For example: if you are using 1/60th of a second shutter speed and you want to go faster by one stop, then the shutter speed now would be 1/125th of a second. (Shutter speed and aperture will be further explained below)
2) Shutter speed
Shutter speed represents the time that the shutter remains open enabling
the control of the amount of light entering the shutter opening. Shutter speed is measured in
seconds or in most cases fractions of seconds. The bigger the denominator the faster the speed (i.e. 1/1000 is much
3) Aperture
Aperture is referred to the lens diaphragm opening
inside a photographic lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens REGULATES amount of light passes through onto the capturing medium inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process. Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers or f-stops such as f/1.8, f/8 and so on. Aperture affects the depth of field (distance wherein objects are in focus).A wider aperture (i.e. f/1.8) would cause only the subject to be in focus and not the background whereas a smaller aperture (i.e. f/16) would cause both the background and the subject to be in focus. A wider aperture also would allow faster shutter speeds to be in use and vice versa.
faster than 1/30). You must always select the appropriate shutter speed according to the brightness of your subject. Selecting a faster shutter speed in a dimly lighted environment would cause the photo to be underexposed (dimly lit/ dark) whereas selecting a slower shutter speed in a bright environment would cause the photo to be overexposed (toobright). The shutter speed also changes the way movement appears in the picture. Very short shutter speeds can be used to freeze fast-moving subjects, for example at sporting events. Very long shutter speeds are used to intentionally blur a moving subject for artistic effects. When choosing shutter speed you must correctly choose the appropriate focal length of the lens you’re using. Longer focal lengths will accentuate the amount of camera shake you have and so you’ll need to choose a faster shutter speed (unless you have image stabilization in your lens or camera). The ‘rule’ of thumb to use with focal length in non image stabilized situations) is to choose a shutter speed with a denominator that is larger than the focal length of the lens. For example if you have a lens that is 50mm 1/60th is appropriate but if you have a 200mm lens 1/250 is a more adequate choice.
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