PUBLIC EXPENDITURES 19
Table 3.4 Road length in Nepal, by construction and type, 1995 and 2002 (kilometers)
Construction
type 1995 2002 Blacktop 3,533
Gravel 2,662 Earthen 4,529
4,781 4,520 7,534
Total 10,724 16,835 Source: World Bank (2006, 77).
Table 3.5 Access to government extension services in Nepal, 2003/04 (percent)
Agricultural Response
Why not? Service too far Poor service No need Other
Yes 5.57 No 94.43
Veterinarian
extension advice extension advice 13.7
86.3
12.74 4.46
77.71 5.09
Source: World Bank (2006).
that their primary reason for not obtaining extension advice was their per- ception that they did not need it. Irrigation access, specifically to canal irrigation, also increased between 1995/96 and 2002/03, by 12 percentage points, and the share of area irrigated increased by 15 percentage points (World Bank 2006).
This review of rural expenditures in agriculture, irrigation, and roads reveals large regional and sectoral variations in public expenditures. Although expenditures generally increased over this period, access to extension ser- vices remained low, while access to roads and irrigation expanded. In the next several chapters we will apply more rigorous approaches to investigate the impact of access to public infrastructure and services on the observed patterns of welfare outcomes.
10.94 3.51
82.19 3.36
Annual growth
(percent) 4.4
7.9 7.5
6.7
Road type Highway
Feeder road District road Urban road Total
1995 2,831
1,679 4,799 1,415
10,724
2002 3,029
1,832 9,775 2,198
16,835
Annual growth
(percent) 1.0
1.3
10.7 6.5 6.7
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