18 CHAPTER 3
Figure 3.5 Roads real expenditure per capita in Nepal, 1999–2003 Rupees per capita
1—171
171—481 481—1,375 1,375—2,536 2,536—5,341 5,341—13,742
Source: Authors’ calculations from public expenditures data (World Bank 2007). Note:
Amounts are in 1995 rupees.
Table 3.3 Access to selected facilities in Nepal, by expenditure quintile, 2003–04, and improvements since 1995–96
Travel time in 2003–04 (mean hours) Improvements since 1995–96 (percent) Health
Paved
Quintile School center road Lowest
Second 0.3 0.88 Third 0.3
0.77 4.92 Market
0.38 1.07 5.59 3.64 5.5
0.18 0.45 1.71 1.05
2.72 2.31
Fourth 0.29 0.69 4.23 2.02 Highest
Source: World Bank (2006, 79).
quintiles. Table 3.4 documents the annual growth in road length in Nepal by construction and road type. In terms of construction type, gravel roads expanded the most between 1995 and 2002, with a 7.9 percent annual growth rate. In terms of road type, district roads expanded by 10.7 percent annu- ally relative to urban roads (6.5 percent), feeder roads (1.3 percent), and highways (1 percent). Table 3.5 illustrates the lack of penetration of exten- sion services to farmers. Only 5.6 percent had received any agricultural extension advice in the past year, while 13.7 percent had received some veterinarian advice. Despite these low rates of use, most farmers responded
17 28 15 31
Health
32 38 34 27 36
Paved
23 5
–5 –3
27
32 17 20 18 27
Market
center School center road center 34
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