November 2011 MAINE COASTAL NEWS Page 21. NEW ENGLAND GROUNDFISH
year business in the United States, and that business is vital to the economies and iden- tities of our coastal communities. The eco- nomic activity generated by fisheries creates 1.4 million full- and part-time jobs, from the boat captains and crews, from the oyster farmers to the people in processing plants, trucks, seafood markets, and restaurants. NOAA economists estimate that re- building all U.S. fish stocks would generate an additional $31 billion in sales impacts, support an additional 500,000 jobs and in- crease the revenue fishermen receive at the dock by $2.2 billion. This is more than a 50 percent increase from the current annual dockside revenues.
We are making gains across the country as individual fisheries have recovered, which will increase as we finally bring an end to overfishing. One place the benefits of re- building are most apparent in the New En- gland sea scallop fishery. Since beginning to rebuild in 1999, the scallop fishery has expe- rienced an average annual growth in landings revenue of 19 percent (16 percent after adjust- ing for inflation, i.e., real terms), increasing from $44 million in 1998 to $265 million in 2010, a five-fold increase. While there have not been ups and downs, overall the fishery has demonstrated sustained growth, with land- ings revenue increasing relative to the previ- ous year in ten of the past 12 years. In Mas- sachusetts alone, the commercial harvest of sea scallops generated an increase in jobs in the fishing industry as well as across the broader state economy, rising from 4,700 jobs in 1998 to 30,000 in 2010. The rebuilt sea scallop fishery also contributes to the eco- nomic sustainability of fishing communities. The port of New Bedford is the largest port in the country by value than any other every year since 2000, in large part due to its sea scallop landings. Landings revenue in New Bedford has experienced sustained growth since rebuilding of scallops, increasing in nine of the last twelve years and 23 percent higher in 2010 relative to 2009.
More generally, in these challenging economic times, during 2010 the commercial fishing industry was a strong performer. While unemployment rates more than doubled from 4.6 percent in 2007 to 9.6 per- cent in 2010, employment and employment impacts generated from commercial fishing increased. In particular, both jobs and job impacts generated by the commercial fishing industry increased 16 percent in 2010 over the previous year and, indeed, were at their high- est levels since 2006. In addition, commercial fishermen received $ 4.5 billion for their catch in 2010, a 10 percent increase over 2009 levels. Overall, the commercial fishing industry - from harvest, through the dealer and pro- cessing sectors, whole sale sectors, to retail outlets (including seafood markets, grocery stores, and restaurants) – generated $116 billion in sales impacts, contributed $48 bil- lion to GNP, and supported 1 million jobs in the fishing industry and across the broader economy.
Catch share programs, and, in particular, established catch share programs (those implemented prior to 2007), have been a bright spot for U.S. commercial fisheries in recent years. Among the established pro- grams that NMFS is able to report on, the majority experienced revenue growth from 2007 to 2009, with increases ranging from 8 percent to 128 percent, despite the fact that overall landings revenue declined nationally during this time frame. Although we do not have landings revenues for most of the catch share programs for 2010 yet, nationally com- mercial fishing landings revenues increased more than 10 percent from 2009 to 2010. Rev- enue is up even as we are rebuilding stocks and implementing annual catch limits in all
federally-managed fisheries. These pro- grams give fishermen the ability to work around weaker stocks and then focus on the healthier stocks.
Marine recreational fishing is also widely recognized as a critical economic driver of, and contributor to, local and re- gional economies, as well as the national economy. Take for example, the Gulf of Mexico and the Southeast Atlantic regions, where our most recent statistics (2009) show combined expenditures on saltwater fishing trips and durable fishing equipment of $10.1 billion dollars annually; or the Mid-Atlantic and Pacific regions where expenditures for these items reach $3.5 billion and $2.2 billion respectively, on an annual basis. This signifi- cant economic activity generates local jobs that cannot be outsourced, which support communities large and small in our Nation’s coastal states, territories, and common- wealths. Businesses directly impacted by recreational fishing range from marinas, boat dealers, and bait shops to hotels, restaurants and other service-oriented businesses in coastal communities. In those communities where it is common for recreational fishermen to maintain a second home, saltwater anglers can be a factor in the local housing market. Overall, saltwater anglers took 74 million fish- ing trips in 2009, with angler expenditures generating $50 billion in sales impacts, con- tributed $23 billion to GNP, and supported over 327,000 jobs across the broader economy.
Attachment B
Socioeconomic Performance of the Northeast Groundfish Fleet in 2010 Economists and social scientists at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center recently reported on fishing year 2010 performance of groundfish vessels holding limited access permits—the vessels that rely most on groundfish landings and revenues, and that have been the most affected by the manage- ment measures newly in effect in 2010. Some of the news is positive. Both prices and total gross revenues from all species landed by groundfish vessels were up for 2010 in comparison to 2009. This is despite the fact that annual catch limits, required for rebuilding, resulted in a decline in total land- ings of groundfish species for the third year. Average revenues per vessel were also up for 2010 in comparison to 2009.
Massachusetts ports have received about $12 million, approximately half of the increased revenues during 2010, of which $6.8 million was generated by vessels home ported in Massachusetts, with the remaining revenue produced by vessels home ported elsewhere but landing their catch in Massa- chusetts ports. Massachusetts was the only state where revenues from groundfish landed there were higher than in 2009. Fishermen also captured more higher- valued species and kept more of the fish that had historically been thrown overboard. Re- ducing discards and increasing capture of available quota is an important shared goal of fishermen, the Council and NOAA. The sec- tor program led to substantial reduction in the amount of groundfish discarded because, unlike the effort control system under “Days- at-Sea,” sectors do not limit the amount of fish they may land in a day or on a particular trip, and are not permitted to discard legal- sized fish. For example, 31 percent of Georges Bank yellowtail flounder total catch was dis- carded in 2009 compared to only nine percent in 2010.
In addition to the 2010 groundfish vessel performance report described above, the agency is working on a number of fronts to
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www.gundalow.org grommet hole
“Lofting” provides a full size pattern of a two dimensional plan. The bow and stern sections were drawn in full scale to ensure
all angles and views met properly.
Traditionally, the fi rst section of a new boat laid is the keel. Gundalows do not have a keel (single central
timber at the bottom of the boat), so the fi rst section laid is the planking and fl oor timbers in the fl at center section of the boat. Following lofting, the curved bow and stern framing is cut and assembled along with side frames.
Trunnels “tree nails” connect wood parts in the gundalow much like pegs are used in post-and-beam
construction. Thousands of trunnels were used in traditional gundalow construction. We also use hand-cut bronze fasteners for longevity and strength.
The sheathing that wraps the sides and the bottom of the gundalow are called planks. Long
continuous timbers are set in a steam box to make them fl exible and then are bent to fi t the curvature of the boat frames.
The shear clamp, deck beams, and deck framing and
blocking are installed once the planking is completed. The deck is caulked to insure water tightness.
Thousands of feet of white cotton caulking and oakum will be driven into the gaps
between the planks to create a water tight seal.
Once the decking is in place, the house,
hatches, deck boxes, rails, rudder and stump mast are installed. Our local blacksmith fabricated and installed sweep locks, stanchions for life lines, the yard band and the windlass.
The entire boat is oiled and painted to protect it from the
water, air and sun. Oiling begins as soon as timbers are secured into place.
Sea trials and adjustments are
completed once the gundalow leaves the shipyard and is launched at Prescott Park. Small fi nal repairs, fi nish work and adjustments are made after it is in the water —then it will be ready for the fi rst public sails!
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©2011 Sam Manning studio NACL
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