Music may directly improve
a person’s enjoyment of
the physical activity, leading
to greater adherence
32-beat blocks, the class is continuous, respiration rate and moderately elevate
which keeps the heart rate of the class heart rate, preparing the student for the
at the right level for the correct period anticipated workout.”
of time – there’s no gap between tunes Not only that, but: “Although
where heart rates could drop.” performance may or may not be
However – in his article ‘The enhanced by the addition of music to
Effects of Music on Exercise?’ (IDEA the workout, subjects regularly report
Today, 1994) – Len Kravitz PhD, a that they felt their performance was
researcher at the University of New better with the music accompaniment.
Mexico in Albuquerque, points to some Therefore, music may directly improve
“confl icting results” in the scientifi c a person’s enjoyment of the physical
evidence regarding the effects of music activity, leading to greater exercise
on exercise performance. He states: “A compliance.” Indeed, in research
review of studies indicates that heart conducted by PPL and PRS for Music, 80
rate tends to only moderately follow the per cent of all gym users questioned said
music.” Indeed, he quotes a 1991 study workout music makes them more likely
in which subjects walking or jogging on a to enjoy themselves when exercising.
treadmill had longer times to exhaustion When it comes to resistance
when listening to slow, soft music workouts, Kravitz refers to previous
than when listening to loud, fast music. studies measuring grip strength and
“Research is unclear at this point as to observes that “listening to sedative
the physiological effects music may have music decreased strength signifi cantly
on exercise performance,” Kravitz adds. when compared to stimulative music
and silence. However, no statistical
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS signifi cant difference was seen
Kravitz also suggests that music of any between stimulative music and
kind can in fact lead to a moderate silence”. Kravitz warns that, as
increase in heart rate, thanks to the “sedative music may actually decrease
emotional effect of music. However, this a person’s muscular fi tness potential
in itself has an application, as he training ability”, personal trainers –
explains: “One valuable way an aerobic indeed clubs in general – should be
fitness instructor can use music in the mindful of the types of music clients
teaching arena is as a pre-class stimulus. are exposed to during the resistance Research suggests that the optimum
The majority of studies suggest that element of their workout programmes. range for burning calories is
music may significantly increase It may, he adds, be worth considering 118–122 beats per minute (BPM)
march 2010 © cybertrek 2010 Read Health Club Management online 69
healthclubmanagement.co.uk/digital
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