Text and data mining FEATURE
According to Neylon, ‘With green OA there remains the challenge of discovery. We don’t have federated search tools that are good enough yet. There is also a significant challenge over legal rights and, in most cases, institutional repositories don’t provide clear enough licence information. It certainly could answer the TDM question but, on these things, repositories are a bit behind even traditional publishers,’ he said.
Industry efforts
Wherever the content is, there seems to be agreement that the process could be streamlined. Van der Stelt of Springer noted: ‘TDM is growing and there is some demand for standard licensing. We are working on that as an industry, proposing standard licensing clauses and maybe an infrastructure to enable licensing over multiple publishers. We are actively engaged in the discussions and multiple initiatives.’ ‘Good TDM takes content from lots of publishers so we need to have industry-wide initiatives,’ agreed Rutt from NPG. ‘It’s not practical to go to every publisher. Researchers would miss the long tail of content.’ She is involved in a working group that came
out of a meeting in 2011 organised by Publishing Research Consortium (PRC) and STM. She explained that the group came up with model licence, which was agreed last summer and became the basis for NPG’s addendum. ‘Policy and technology have to work together,’ she said. ‘We have to think how is that going to happen.’
‘Good TDM takes content from lots of publishers so we need to have industry-
wide initiatives’ Jessica Rutt
In addition, there are efforts involving industry third parties such as Copyright Clearance Center and CrossRef to help streamline TDM. However, setting up industry initiatives is no guarantee of success. Earlier this year 10 organisations abandoned talks on TDM in Europe as part of the Licences for Europe discussions. Mounce, who was involved in these activities, explained: ‘The European proposal excludes PhD students, and researchers would
also need to define their project at the start, which is inflexible and discourages innovation. It seemed nobody was really listening to each other or finding a halfway house.’ Instead, he said, the disillusioned parties are planning their own discussions on TDM in the autumn: ‘There is so much data – and huge value – locked inside papers, but it’s quite an uphill battle.’ Piwowar recommended that publishers start allowing text mining as a standard agreement in clauses with universities. ‘Publishers should compete with each other on how easy it is to do,’ she said. She also suggested that libraries become centres
of text mining knowledge.
‘My dream scenario would be for all scholarly literature to be licensed in an open way that allows open use, including commercial, and to be hosted somewhere so that we can do a single query or downloaded so could do it locally,’ she continued. ‘Everything is moving into big data whether we want it or not,’ concluded Markram. ‘The publisher of today and particularly of tomorrow will have to comply with these kinds of needs. Whether publishers get together to do this or whether repositories aggregate it, sooner or later publishers will have to address this.’
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Research Information
www.researchinformation.info @researchinfo AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2013 Research Information 19
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