Public attitudes to the death penalty in Japan


Figure 5: Response rate and death penalty attitudes


100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0


85


86 65 65 18


Response rate (%) Retention (%) Abolition (%)


1956 1967 1975 1980 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009


Te confidence interval provides two proportions. Te upper interval provides the proportion of retentionists if all non-respondents were retentionists. Te lower interval provides the proportion of retentionists if all non-respondents were not retentionists. Te true proportion of retentionists should lie between these values, based on the theoretical sample. In other words, the difference between the two intervals will expose the accuracy of the proportion of retentionists reported by the government survey: the wider the interval the less accurate the proportion of retentionists reported by the government survey, and vice versa.


LL =LL W P


 


 


1


 


  −


2 P Q


* n


Where: LL: Lower limit UL: n:


Upper limit Resulting sample W1 P: Q: : Response rate (n/theoretical sample*)


W2: Non-response rate (number of non-response/theoretical sample) Proportion of retentionists (number of retentionists/n)


Proportion of non-retentionists (1-P) Note: * ”theoretical sample” = n + non-response


Table 1 displays the result. P is the proportion of retentionists reported by the government survey. L and U indicate the intervals of lowest and highest possible proportions when taking into account the non-responses. In the 2009 survey, 86% of respondents were reported to be retentionists. However, taking into account non-responses, the proportion of retentionists could range between 54% and


39


 


 


 


 


+ (W 0) =UL W P 2 (0), UL


 


 


1


 


  +


2 P Q


* n


 


 


 


 


+ (W 1)2 (1)


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