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49. MEWIS, F., HOLLENBACH, U. Special measures for improving propulsive efficiency. HSVA NewsWave, the Hamburg Ship Model Basin Newsletter, 2006/1, 2006.


50.


CARLTON, J.S. Ship hydrodynamic propulsion: some contemporary issues of propulsive efficiency, cavitation and erosion. Lloyd’s Register Technology Day Proceedings, February 2009, 2009.


51.


JOHANNSEN, C. HSVA Prediction confirmed: vortex generator fins reduced the vibration excitation level in full scale. HSVA NewsWave, the Hamburg Ship Model Basin Newsletter, 2006/1, 2006.


52. 53. 54.


MOLLAND, A.F., TURNOCK, S.R. Marine rudders and control surfaces, principles, data, design and applications. Butterworth- Heinemann, ISBN: 978-0-75-066944-3, 2007.


BRESLIN, J.P., ANDERSEN, P. Hydrodynamics of Ship Propellers, Cambridge Ocean Technology Series. ISBN 0 521 41360, 1994.


BOYD, I.L., FRISK, G., URBAN, E., TYACK, P., AUSUBEL, J., SEEYAVE, S., CATO, D., SOUTHALL, B., WEISE, M., ANDREW, R., AKAMATSU, T., DEKELING, R., ERBE, C., FARMER, D., GENTRY, R., GROSS, T.,


Adoptionof standards for underwater noise measurement of ships ANSI/ASA and ISO


IMO


Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)


Betterprediction and model testing of new designs improving


propellers and wake flow


Full scale noise IMO


Ship Energy Efficiency


Management Plan (SEEMP)


Potential modifications to existing ships to


improve wake flow or optimise propeller


measurements of ships at sea over a wide range of


operating conditions and including energy saving modifications and speed


Slow steaming to reduce fueland emissions


Establishtesting equipment and facilities for noise


measurement of ships


Betterunderstanding of design features that contribute to noise output


8.


HAWKINS, A., LI, F., METCALF, K., MILLER, J.H., MORETTI, D., RODRIGO, C., SHINKE, T. An International Quiet Ocean Experiment. Oceanography 24(2):174–181, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2011.37, 2011.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


Considerable assistance was provided to the authors by a range of people. In particular, they would like to thank the following for their important contributions: Mehmet Atlar, of the University of Newcastle; John Carlton, of Lloyd’s Register; Juan Gonzalez-Adalid, of Sistemar S.A.;


Torben Klingenberg, of MAN Diesel A/S


Denmark; Do Ligtelijn, of Wärtsilä Propulsion; Robert McCauley, of Curtin University of Technology; Murray Makin, of Thales Australia; Stan Marriott of TT Line; Carl Morley, of Rolls Royce Marine; Takeo Nojiri, of Mitsui O.S.K.Techno-Trade; Graham Patience of Stone Marine Propulsion; John Sydney, of Wärtsilä Australia Pty


Ltd; Steve Turnock, of the University Southampton; Robert Walsh, of Ship of Propulsion


Solutions; and Dietrich Wittekind, of DW-ShipConsult. This paper draws heavily on an IFAW funded study; Renilson, M. 2009. Reducing underwater noise pollution from large commercial vessels. ISBN: 978-1-906920-02-9.


Betterunderstanding of operational factors that contribute to noise output (e.g. speed, ballast and trim)


Is there a relationship


between internal noise measured within the ship and hydro- acoustic noise?


Are ships that suffer


from extreme vibration or cavitation also the most noisy?


Can noise measurements be used as an indicator of propeller damage requiring remedial action?


Model scale noise measurements of


propeller types and devices to improve wake flow


Measurements of noise differences


related to damage to the propeller


Better understanding of effectsof efficiency measures on noise, including propeller design and wake flow


New build vessels include design measures to


minimise noise


Modifications to noisest existing vessels reduce noise


Develop theoretical models to predict


which ships are most likey to be the noisiest


Further full scale measurements of


those ships predicted to be the noisiest to validate model predictions


Figure 1. Flow chart of activities required to reduce the noise propagated into the water by conventional merchant ships. The central research requirement is for full scale noise measurements leading to a better understanding of the factors that cause noise and modifications to address these. Such modifications will be closely linked with measures taken to improve energy efficiency.


A-88


©2012: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects


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