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Fluorescence Channel 0


Last Read Pressure 3,800 –10 psi


Excess Pressure psi


4,200 10 0


gAPI 150 Gamma


Ray 0 Composition


C3-5 C6+ CO2


C1 C2


Water Fraction


% 100 0 % 100 1 GOC 1 1 OWC 1


11,200 11,300 11,400 11,500 11,600 11,700 11,800 11,900 12,000


> InSitu Pro software with real-time analysis. Field engineers can perform quality control checks of field data in a format that offers a clear representation of downhole fluid and reservoir properties using InSitu Pro software. Pressure plots provide fluid gradients and transitions, and an excess-pressure plot is also available (Track 1). Fluid compositional gradients from pressure data can be observed along with fluid analysis (Tracks 3 and 4) at true depth. Additional InSitu Fluid Analyzer measurements are shown at depth for easy reference. This software can be used to process postacquisition data and generate comprehensive interpretation reports.


Schlumberger engineers have also developed


the InSitu Pro software to integrate data from the InSitu Family sensors, providing both real-time analysis and postacquisition processing (above). These real-time capabilities help identify anoma- lous readings, fluid contacts and potential reser- voir heterogeneity. With this intuitive application, the engineer can develop a deeper understanding of the reservoir fluids as well as identify connec- tivity problems related to reservoir architecture. Data integration, based on a recognized equa- tion-of-state (EOS) model with fluid property cor- rections, allows real-time modification of the testing and sampling program while the MDT tool is still in the well.25


Indications of compartmen-


talization can be validated before completing the well and performing extensive well tests. Although the measurement capabilities of the


InSitu Family system continue to expand, there is still no single sensor or tool that can supply reser- voir engineers with all the information needed to efficiently develop and produce hydrocarbons from a reservoir. These measurements must be


integrated with drilling data, reservoir models, production tests and time-dependent analyses to arrive at the best course of action.


Compartmentalization On Alaska’s North Slope, just 35 mi [55 km] east of the prolific Prudhoe Bay field, lies the Badami oil field. Discovered in 1990 and brought online in 1997, the field is estimated to contain more than 120 million bbl [19.1 million m3] of recoverable reserves. The excitement of this major discovery was quickly extinguished after production, which briefly peaked at 18,000 bbl/d [2,860 m3/d] in


21. Mullins, reference 4: 139.


22. Raghuraman B, O’Keefe M, Eriksen KO, Tau LA, Vikane O, Gustavson G and Indo K: “Real-Time Downhole pH Measurement Using Optical Spectroscopy,” paper SPE 93057, presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands, Texas, February 2–4, 2005.


Oilfield Review Autumn 09


FluidsLab Fig.11 ORWIN09/10-FluidsLab Fig. 11


23. O’Keefe M, Godefroy S, Vasques R, Agenes A, Weinheber P, Jackson R, Ardila M, Wichers W, Daungkaew S and De Santo I: “In-Situ Density and Viscosity Measured by Wireline Formation Testers,” paper SPE 110364, presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, October 30–November 1, 2007.


1998, plummeted to 1,350 bbl/d [214 m3/d]. The field was eventually mothballed in August 2003, and subsequent attempts to restart operations two years later were unsuccessful.26


After spend-


ing more than US $300 million in development costs, the operating company representatives cited one major problem: The reservoir is more highly compartmentalized than initially thought, thus preventing the oil from flowing between the zones targeted for production.27


This is just


one example of the high cost of recognizing compartmentalization after field development has commenced.


24. O’Keefe et al, reference 23.


25. An equation of state is useful in describing the properties of fluids and mixtures of fluids. These mathematical relationships describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, in this case hydrocarbons at pressure and temperature.


26. Nelson K: “Back to Badami,” Petroleum News 10, no. 23 (2005), http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/ 369854151.shtml (accessed November 11, 2009).


27. “BP Will Postpone Restarting Badami Oil Field,” Anchorage Daily News, September 1, 2009, http:// www.adn.com/money/industries/oil/story/919225.html (accessed November 11, 2009).


Sample Taken


0 Live-Fluid Density gm/cm3 1.2 5 pH 6.5


0 % 10 Contamination


InSitu Fluid Analyzer


0 7


Fluorescence Channel 1


0 0.8


Fluorescence Reflectance


0 0.5 0.01 10


ft3/bbl GOR


100,000


Resistivity ohm.m


100


Winter 2009/2010


47


Depth, ft


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