CPD Programme CPD Programme
The CIBSE Journal CPD Programme Members of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and other professional bodies are required to maintain their professional competence throughout their careers. Continuing professional development (CPD) means the systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of your knowledge and skills, and is therefore a long-term commitment to enhancing your competence. CPD is a requirement of both CIBSE and the Register of the Engineering Council (UK). CIBSE Journal is pleased to offer this module in its CPD programme. The
programme is free and can be used by any reader. It is organised jointly by CIBSE Journal and London South Bank University, and will help you to meet CIBSE’s requirement for CPD. It will equally assist members of other institutions, who should record CPD activities in accordance with their institution’s guidance. Simply study the module and complete the
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Mini combined heat and power applications
Building regulations, planning consent requirements, and legislation in the UK and Europe are providing building operators and designers with more opportunities to consider and adopt low and zero carbon solutions
and cooling for a building may exceed any realistically available local renewable resources; or there may be no appropriately oriented or available roof space. Combined heat and power (CHP) products have been applied and operated successfully as one of the solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through displacing boiler fuel and grid-supplied electricity. Over the last five years the uptake of
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mini-CHP units has increased in the UK, as the concept is scaled by manufacturers to products with electrical outputs of less than 10kWe (peak kW electrical output). This has broadened the range of residential and commercial projects that could benefi t from the potential economic and environmental benefi ts offered by CHP. This CPD module outlines the application
of mini-CHP products, which we defi ne as those with an electrical output of between
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low carbon solution does not necessarily mean renewable technologies, as the requirement to provide power, heating
5kWe and 30kWe – representing the integrated modularised units that have come to the marketplace within the last fi ve years. The traditional defi nition of mini-CHP goes up to several hundred kWe.
Combined heat and power technology CHP can be an effi cient way of producing usable heat and generating electricity simultaneously at the point of use from a single fuel. By generating heat and electricity from a single source, CHP can deliver overall fuel effi ciencies well in excess of 75%. When compared with electricity generated from a centralised power station, and the use of heat only boilers, CHP can reduce primary energy needs by up to 30%. Depending on relative fuel prices this can reduce energy costs as well as reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2). CHP can offer energy cost savings by
reducing the amount of electricity imported from the local supply company, and by displacing fuel used by other heating and
Exhaust ~ 10% Heat ~ 50%
Fuel 100%
Engine/ turbine
Figure 1: Basic operating principle of mini-CHP system
hot water-generating appliances on the site. For every unit of electricity generated by the CHP plant, around two units of potentially usable heat are produced through the use of internal heat exchangers, or external heat recovery equipment. This heat can be used to help satisfy space-heating needs, to support the production of domestic hot water, or for process needs. At the heart of mini-CHP units (such
as that shown in Figure 1) is likely to be a gas-fuelled reciprocating engine; or, for very
August 2010 CIBSE Journal > 51
Electricity ~ 30%
Case losses ~ 10%
Generator
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