carbon sinks (Nelleman et al, 2009). However, loss of these ecosystems, or overburdening through poor management of water and wastewater compromises the integrity of these ecosystems and the services they provide. Resulting in, con- tamination of fish stocks, algae blooms, a rise in dead zones

Water desalination Water desalination

Desalination capacity Thousand of cubic metres per day

Desalination capacity Thousand of cubic metres per day

5 000 5 000

United States

United States

4 000 4 000

3 000 3 000

2 000 2 000

Mexico Mexico

1 000 1 000

0

Note: only countries with more than 70 000 cubic metres per day are shown. 0

Figure 18: Desalination is an increasingly important practice to secure clean water in a number of countries. Monitoring is key to minimize negative impacts on the ecosystem.

Note: only countries with more than 70 000 cubic metres per day are shown.

Sources: Pacific Institute, The World’s Water, 2009. Sources: Pacific Institute, The World’s Water, 2009.

47

Netherland Antilles

Netherland Antilles

Chile Chile

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

UAE UAE

along the coasts, and subsequent loss of livelihoods and food security. The continued provision of these services requires management that will support healthy and functioning eco- systems, not just in the marine environment, but in the entire watershed.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

UK Netherlands Italy

UK Netherlands Italy

Spain Spain

Algeria Algeria

Libya Libya

Israel Israel

Egypt Egypt

South Africa South Africa

Iraq

Iran Iran

Qatar Kuwait Russia

Iraq KuwaitQatar Bahrain

Bahrain

Oman Oman

KazakhstanRussia Kazakhstan

India India

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

South Korea

South Korea

Singapore Singapore

Hong Kong Hong Kong

Japan Japan

Taiwan Taiwan

Indonesia Indonesia

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Australia Australia