Wastewater

Contaminants and their effects ORIGIN

Storm water Storm water

Storm water Sewerage

Sewerage Sewerage

Spills Spills

Spills

Industrial Industrial

Industrial

Manufacturing waste Manufacturing waste

Manufacturing waste

Global water withdrawal percentage by sector

Waste water discharge

Contaminated food provision

Reusing processed sewage

Drinking water treatment Sewage sludge

Pharmaceutical P Corrosive

Ecosystem degradation

Inorganic particulate m

p material Radioactive Heavy metals Infectous

Decreased ecosystem health (e.g. dead zones)

 Figure 5: The contaminants in waste- water come from many different sources and can have cumulative and synergistic effects requiring a multi-pronged response.

Contaminated food

production costs

Decreased human health

Increased IMPACT

Contaminated drinking and bathing water

Source: personal communication with E. Corcoran and E. Baker, UNEP-Grid Arendal. 21 Chemicals Microcrobes obes I Organic matter e Biological

Nuclear Nuclear

Nuclear

Medical Medical

Medical TOXICITY

Agricultural run off Agricultural run-off

Agricultural run off

Acquaculture Acquaculture

Acquaculture Smelly Solid waste Solid w Suffocate/block Poisonous MANAGEMENT

Centralized and decentralized sewage treatment

Combined sewage and storm water

Individual household treatment

Reed bed filtration

Enhancing nutrient filtration of wetlands

Municipality waste management

Industrial small scale waste management