DownloaD Graphic 2DownloaD Graphic 2
Humanity’s ecological footprint
Domestic extraction used in EU-15 compared to imports of industrial
Biocapacity
minerals and ores, in kg/capita/day
Humanity’s ecological footprint
0.9
Number of Earths
1.4
0.8
1.3
0.7
Domestic extraction
1.2
Imports
0.6
1.1
d
0.5
1.0
0.9 0.4
0.8
Source: Loh an Goldfinger 2006
0.3
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
0
1970 1975 198 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001
Source: Eurostat and IFF 2004
Overall, humanity’s ecological footprint indicates and industrial production and the subsequent reloca-
that consumption is rapidly and unsustainably tion of related environmental and social impacts.
increasing.
At the same time, many people in industrialized
There has been an encouraging decoupling of nations, and the new consumers in the developing
environmental pressures from economic growth in countries do not feel most of the impacts on the
some areas. However, globalization has contributed environment that result from their behaviour. These
to the achievement of environmental progress in negative effects on the environment and well-being
so
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DownloaD Graphic 2
Household final consumption expenditure (European Union)
EU10 EU15
Household consumption expenditure (ppp in US$ at constant 2000 value)
Transport and communication 18 000
Housing, water, electricity, gas
Recreation, culture, restaurants
and hotels
16 000
Health and education
Other goods and services
14 000
Alcohol, tobacco, narcotics
Furniture and equipment
12 000
Clothing and footwear
Food and non-alcoholic
beverages
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
Note: EU10 = New EU
excluding Bulgaria and
2 000
Romania which joined in
January 2007.
0
Source: EEA 2007 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 61