DownloaD Graphic 2
There are clear, widespread targets already embed- Most targets aim at improving generic capacities
ded in decision making concerning urban air pollu- (including adoption of plans, creation of policy
tion, but this is not the case for indoor air pollution. frameworks, conducting assessments and setting
priorities), or at reducing pressures (lowering emis-
The degree to which policy targets are supported sions, extraction or conversion). It is less common to
by monitoring and evaluation procedures varies find targets that aim at reducing drivers or at achiev-
considerably. For stratospheric ozone depletion, for ing specific states.
example, there is a robust monitoring programme
that measures the atmospheric concentration of There are some biodiversity targets that target
ozone-depleting substances (ODS), ozone layer drivers. Regional air pollution in Europe is the best-
thickness, and trends in consumption of ODS. By developed example of a targeting process that
contrast, most of the biodiversity protection targets focuses on environmental states (in this case, levels
lack baseline benchmarks and the kind of regular of deposition relative to critical loads).
monitoring that would permit tracking of trends.
ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE 43