This page contains a Flash digital edition of a book.
INVERTERS
KACO
When designing the XP Series, KACO new energy had some crucial objectives
in mind: Of course these new photovoltaic central inverters should achieve the
highest efficiency, but that alone would not be enough: Yield is gained by
combining efficiency with high reliability and availability, the so called ‘up time’.
In addition there would have to be a powerful In response to the actual DC-voltage and load the
remote monitoring and maintenance should be a XP100 applies the respective PWM that yields the
breeze. All this was to be realized by a fully digital highest efficiency with the highest power factor.
control design. Ease of use meets a rapid return With the DPMS the Powador XP100 achieves an
on investment. optimum adaption to low and high irradiation, full
control over all essential data as well as offering
The Brain – Fully Digital Control System online maintenance and remote trouble shooting of
For the Powador XP100 HV, first sibling of the XP- the inverter itself and the PV generator. This means
series family, a control technology based on DSPs that derating effects because of high temperature –
(Digital Signal Processors) was applied using two or even failure – are minimized, inverter life time is
different DSPs, offering real time OS DSP/BIOS increased by 1.66 times and failure operation goes
and advanced digital vector control. This provides down by 0.6 times. All this turns into an annual
the fastest possible power management to efficiency of over 96%.
enhance reliability, accuracy and efficiency while
reducing component count compared to traditional Just in case – the safety functions
analog inverter electronics. On a sunny day, a standstill of a 110-kW-inverter is
a PV investor’s worst case scenario. Therefore, the
39
The vector control enhances the system Powador XP100-HV guarantees reliability due to
performance in that it allows a 15% greater AC the use of a secondary backup power supply for
www
voltage output compared to conventional the control board, and an efficient cooling system
.solar
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) at the for critical components, most of all the IGBT stack.
same DC voltage input. It improves efficiency and The enclosure is designed to thermally separate
-pv-management.com
also the power quality at the minimum MPP- the control part and the power part. The speed of
Voltage. Moreover, it significantly reduces the IGBT the fans is monitored and operated based on load
switching losses. and ambient temperature. A CAN bus keeps the
internal communication fast, robust and reliable.
Finally the digital PLL (phase-locked loop) delivers
the highest power factor (cos phi) greater than Any event outside the standard operation is
0.99, which contributes to the goal of maximum signaled to the maintenance personnel, for
Issue V 2009
efficiency. Of course going the digital pathway example via the internet. This feature allows
offers great flexibility with four programmable permanent monitoring of all essential components,
digital inputs and four programmable digital thus allowing fast detection of system errors. To
outputs to satisfy application specific demands. locate the source of a problem the XP100’s history KACO Powador
Customers can increase the capacities by parallel function at any time stores the last 100 cycles. In XP 100 Inverter
operation without additional equipment and addition, an early warning system informs in time if
upgrading the software is swiftly done with. certain components need to be exchanged before
they fail. Statistics of operation are stored in a SD-
The Heart – a power module with 3 modes card on a day-, month- and year-level.
of pulse width modulation
The patented Variable Structure PWM (VSPWM) More than the sum of its parts
and Dynamic Power Management System (DPMS) As a result of the different approaches shown
bring along a load of benefits. The VSPWM consist above the XP100 reaches a peak efficiency well
of three different modes of PWM: the Symmetric above 97% and a European efficiency of 96.5%.
Space Vector PWM, the 120° Discontinuous Space Even at an output power as low as 5 kW the XP100
Vector PWM and the 60° Discontinuous Space reaches over 85% efficiency and from 36.6 kW on
Vector PWM. It minimizes switching losses during it works in the 96%-range. Besides the design,
hot ambient temperature and high irradiation levels high-efficiency components play the important role
and thus enables a higher switching frequency in achieving the set goals. To round out the picture,
which leads to better control dynamics, active an intelligent man-machine interface makes for a
damping on grid current and lower audible noise. very user friendly state-of-the-art-inverter.
Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44
Produced with Yudu - www.yudu.com