❱❱ The more information a pilot has before the runway hoves into view, the safer it is for all concerned as decisions can be made earlier on how to most effectively deploy an aeroplane’s three braking systems
icy Data
language that could be understood by a computer. This was crucial for advancing the project.
BOEING INVOLVEMENT At this point, IRIS lacked information about how much the three different braking systems on an aeroplane contribute to the total braking effort. “We went to Boeing in the USA, where they had
already prepared a model based on data from a number of landings. From there, we could interpolate and create quite good estimates of the friction on runways during different conditions”, Huseby explains. Huseby and colleagues at the Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have now developed a weather model, a precipitation model and a runway model, running constantly throughout the Norwegian winter. “One of the effects of IRIS is that landings become less stressful for the pilots. In addition, the landings are safer. But there are also other benefits,” says Huseby. “If the pilot knows that the runway is dry and has
good friction, the disc brakes can be used as much as possible shortly after landing. This reduces the need to use a lot of fuel when the engine is used for braking. In addition, ground crews can reduce the use of chemicals on the runway, if IRIS shows that landing conditions are good. “It was much more difficult to develop this system
than everyone thought from the beginning. The mathematical and statistical methods and models used are not very complicated, but the difficulty was that we had to combine many different disciplines: mathematics, statistics, physics and meteorology, as well as experience from pilots, ground crew and aircraft manufacturers,” adds Huseby. “It was also challenging that we had to find a way
to deal with very large amounts of data. Today, a large stream of data is ticking in from 16 airports every minute in the winter. It is entered into a structured query language (SQL) database, where the algorithm we developed performs continuous analyses in order to produce the daily alerts.” According to Nevland, Avinor is now considering
an expansion of the IRIS system to include more Norwegian airports. “The technology has made such great progress that it is fully realistic to install the system also on smaller airports than the ones using IRIS today,” he says. EE
March 2018 /// Environmental Engineering /// 31
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52