FEATURE Drives, controls & motors
The role of miniature motors in robotic surgery
By Nicole Monaco, Global Marketing Manager, Portescap R
obotic-assisted surgery, once a marvel of sci-fi predictions, has come a long way since its introduction in the 1980s,
and now plays an instrumental role in operating theatres. The precise and refi ned movements made possible by robotic arms, combined with imaging technology, signify a marked improvement over conventional surgical methods. However, a predominant consideration in surgical robot manufacture is the need for motors that can deliver both dexterity and power, all while maintaining a compact size. In recent years, surgical robotics have experienced a signifi cant surge, reshaped surgical paradigms and off ered a level of fl exibility and precision that surpasses human capabilities. With the continuous diversifi cation of surgical methods, from orthopaedics to less-invasive common procedures, there is an increasing demand for varied motor solutions to suit the application.
The motor challenges Traditional motors typically used in surgical settings often come with design limitations, especially in their size, which can lead to design compromises in robotic arms. Furthermore, they operate with wound iron cores, introducing issues like cogging torque, or the unwanted pulsating force caused by the motor’s magnets’ attraction to the iron-core windings, which can interfere with smooth operation. In a domain like surgical robotics, where every micromovement counts, even the slightest judder can be detrimental. Another inherent concern with traditional motors is signifi cant heat generation during operation. Excessive heat is the result of resistive losses in the winding and core losses in the iron, posing potential risks to patient safety. Additionally, it can degrade the longevity and reliability of other integrated, sensitive, electronic components, all while decreasing the overall effi ciency of the robotic system.
Slotless motors Brushless DC (BLDC) slotless motors are
24 March 2024 | Automation
Above: Brushless, slotless Ultra EC family of miniature motors by Portescap, suitable for surgical robots (right)
an innovative solution that off ers immense power in a compact design, making them particularly suitable for surgical robotics. These motors distinguish themselves by forgoing the traditional restrictive, bulky construction of their traditional counterparts. By eliminating iron-core windings, they have a more streamlined design that conserves space, enabling a compact size and agility without sacrifi cing power or precision.
Another distinct advantage of slotless BLDC is their immunity to cogging. There are no iron-core windings to attract the interior magnets, which translates to better precision, consistent force and a broader dynamic range – qualities that are indispensable for surgical procedures. Slotless BLDC motors also have the
advantage of operating more effi ciently with minimal heat generation due to the absence of iron-core windings. This keeps the surgical area stable, without disruptive temperature fl uctuations, ensuring patient safety during the procedure and minimising heat-related damage of the robot’s components.
Evolution in precision and power Portescap’s Ultra EC coreless brushless DC motors, available in compact diameters of 22mm or 30mm, represent a convergence of technological advancements in the realm of robotics surgeries. Precision- engineered for high performance, these BLDC motors handle demanding tasks
at speeds up to 30,000rpm and deliver a continuous torque of about 133.137nMm. Constructed from sturdy stainless steel combined with a lightweight aluminium fl ange, they provide durability for surgical applications.
The integrated Hall sensors off er vital
real-time feedback, ensuring unparalleled precision where there’s no margin for error. Portescap’s patented “U-Coil” technology provides up to 30% more torque than similar-sized motors with conventional coils, operating cooler and more effi ciently. Highlighting their adaptability for medical settings, while many motors can withstand up to 1,000 autoclave cycles, the Ultra EC range endures over 3,000 ensuring consistent sterility.
Medical advancements
The dynamic landscape of medical motion solutions, especially in robotic surgeries, necessitates engineer-to-engineer collaboration. Partnering with a miniature motor manufacturer with extensive experience in medical motor solutions not only facilitates optimal outcomes but also ensures the precise customisation required to meet the evolving demands of the medical sector. Such collaboration drives innovation, streamlines integration and fosters cooperation, leading to improved patient recovery times and procedural effi ciencies.
automationmagazine.co.uk
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