FEATURE Robotics
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Seven things to consider when choosing planetary gearboxes
Mike Gulliford, Managing Director of Apex Dynamics UK, looks at the gearbox needs of mobile robot makers
The Apex Dynamics GL series of planetary gearboxes has a unique rotary housing that allows a drive wheel and pulley to be mounted over the exterior. The gearboxes are fitted with helical planetary gears hardened to 840 HV, patented input and output sealing, and a patented input bearing system
T
he global market for mobile robots is expanding rapidly, but mobile robot manufacturers need to take a range of factors into consideration when selecting planetary gearboxes. Precision gears are an essential component in the motion control systems of mobile robots, and planetary gearboxes will continue to play a signifi cant role in the market going forward. Just under 50% of precision gear products sold in 2022 had a planetary design, according to market intelligence specialist Interact Analysis, demonstrating the enduring popularity of planetary gearboxes. In fact, mobile robots are predicted to become the #1 industry for planetary gear products by 2026, as demand continues to grow within the mobile robot industry, driven by labour shortages and increased need for warehouse automation in the wake of the Covid-19 e-commerce boom.
Planetary gearboxes It is of paramount importance that mobile robot manufacturers select the best precision planetary gearboxes for the specifi c needs of their robots and applications. There are seven key factors to consider when using planetary gearboxes in mobile robots, for their optimal performance, reliability and effi ciency:
1. Torque and power Torque and power are specifi c to the intended applications and payload.
12 February 2024 | Automation
Manufacturers must carefully consider the torque needs for each robot’s motors and actuators, to ensure the planetary gearboxes can handle the loads effectively. This will also prevent premature wear, overheating and system failure.
2. Efficiency and gear ratios Planetary gearboxes generally offer higher efficiency than other gearbox types. Manufacturers should carefully evaluate the gear ratios to suit each mobile robot’s operational needs, which will guarantee optimal motor speed and torque output, in turn translating into better energy utilisation and performance.
3. Size and weight constraints Mobile robots often have limited space and weight allowances, and planetary gearboxes are known for their compact and lightweight designs, making them the preferred choice here.
4. Backlash and precision Precision gearboxes are designed to have low or zero backlash, meaning the clearance between interlocking teeth is much smaller than in standard gearboxes. This improves the accuracy and repeatability of robot movements, which is particularly important in applications where fast, precise movements are required. Choosing planetary gearboxes with minimal
backlash helps to maintain positional accuracy and reduce errors.
5. Lubrication and maintenance The correct type of lubrication and maintenance of the planetary gearboxes will ensure smooth and effi cient operation of the robots. For example, sealed gearboxes or those with extended intervals between lubrication may be preferred by mobile robot manufacturers, since they reduce maintenance requirements and extend operation.
6. Durability and reliability These factors are key to the overall longevity of mobile robot systems, especially those operating in harsh environments or handling heavy-duty tasks. Hence, gearboxes must be made from high-quality materials and be precision manufactured to withstand the rigours of the application. For example, all Apex Dynamics UK gearboxes are made in our CE and ATEX-certifi ed manufacturing facility and come with a fi ve-year warranty.
7. Cost and availability
The cost of the gearboxes is always an important consideration. Also, good delivery times are crucial to ensure products are ready to ship to customers. At Apex Dynamics UK, we guarantee delivery within 3-4 weeks, combining high-quality products with reasonable prices and excellent customer service.
automationmagazine.co.uk
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