Clitheroe Advertiser and Times, March 27th,-1980 9


Way to speed the milking


MANY years ago, when the, days seemed longer 'arid the sum­ mers surinier, Billing- ton farmer Jim Iveson would put his - back to the land to earn his living.


J S


unty, Executive Com- ttee of Lancashire


"U for 20 years. Chairman of the coun- s Milk Committee for ■ee years, he became un ty branch vice- irman in mid-1978, Te has also served on er county committees, ancashire NFU’s rep-


s e n ta t iv e on th e ricultural Training


ard and Lancashire mmunity Council, he • also been interested farming and conserva- i and represents his low farmers on the inty’s farming and dlife advisory group, ’e has retained a keen 2rest in the work of Young Farmers’ Club


vement and serves as e-president of the' ngridge YFC. Don and Sheila have o children — Judith ) and Philip (5) — and a family they enjoy •avanning. Don is also ;n on sport. 'oining Don in the dership of the county inch is vice-chairman Leslie Simpson, who


ms 150 acres at High use Farm, Nortn- ,n, Padiham. fo rm e r p o l ic e


icer, Mr Simpson is a nder chairman of Lan- hire NFU’s Marginal ids Committee. Te has a herd of 40 king cows, together h 44 followers and 120 ;s on his marginal land


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lives in, a more leisurely fashion ;at a house in Bil- lington, Gardens, keeping himsejf occupied with memories of his life in farming and talking about old times with the many friends who visit him. Jim came to Billington


Now. 76-year-old Jim


acres and they had poul­ try, a few pigs and sheep, two or three cows and a couple of horses. Apart from farm work, they also used to do haulage con­ tracting for local firms. W h i le a t Wh a lley


The farm had about 18


School, Jim had a paper round. His starting pay


All the work was done


by hand, including the milking'. Although it took a long time, Jim explained, it is hard to maKe compari­ sons because cows nowa­ days give more milk.


Haymaking was an espe­


cially tiring time, with none of the machinery which is so much a part of farmers’ lives today.


with his parents, John and Lily, some 66 years ago, from a, farm in Wens- leydale. ■ After living in Long-


was 8d a week, which after five years was increased to Is 2d. He left school at 13, and


worth Road, they moved to Calding Bank Farm, on the breast of Whalley Nab.


were nearly eight acres of meadow land. My father and I used to mow through the night with a hand scythe and usually did about two acres a night," he said.


“At Calding Bank there


went into farm service. When working at home, he can recall starting at 5 a.m. and finishing about 9 p.m.


When the grass was cut,


Jim’s sisters, Janie and Mary, used to shake it so that it, dried properly in the sun. It was then put


into “foot cocks,” or little heaps, and shaken out again before being put into rows. Because the land was on


a slant, they could not use a cart to collect the hay, b u t . instead had to make the horse pull a large sledge-type vehicle which didn"t tip over. Once loaded by rakes, the hay was taken to the


barn, tipped in and forked into place.


Although it was hard work, Jim remembers that


,


the seasons seemed dilte- rent. “The sun seemed to shine longer then. We could safely leave some hay out all night and collect


it next day,’ he said. “We used to finish the


work in a week and three days, but with today s


RAISING A FIRST CLASS FEED


PROFITABLE farm­ ing is becoming more difficult because farm­ ing costs are continu­ ally increasing without co mmen surate increase in farm prices and interest rates are at an “all time high.”


mean that there should be an all-round policy of retrenchment. It does mean, however, th a t money must be invested in those areas where it WILL show a re tu rn fairly quickly.


However, this does not


grass can be broken down into factors:—


ground is grassland man­ agement, one of the areas to which thought and money should be devoted. Grassland management implies growing grass in the quantities required, and since grass itself is not a saleable crop, it must be successfully converted into milk or livestock output — this conversion process is a very skilled one on the part of the farmer. The management of


Against such a back­ Drainage is the first


are both vital plant nut­ rients. To decide on the rates of application of phosphate and potash, it is wise to have the soil analysed to see first of all what the soil itself is supplying. Then the farmer can top up with the correct amount of phosphate and potash


is essential — not too much and not too little. On a permanent grass regime one should aim for a pH of just over six and the best way to monitor this is soil analysis at intervals of four to five years. Phosphate and potash


e s s e n t i a l . P o o r ly drained land does not give maximum output, m that the wrong types of grasses ana even weeds are encouraged. Poaching is a problem in a wet season and in a dry season the grasses are apt to be so snallow- rooted that the drought quickly has effect. To spend further money on ill-drained land is a poor investment. Even at £7 a ton, lime


By W'. J. Lambourn, Agricultural Advisory Officer


fo r the p a r t ic u la r method of utilisation. Nitrogen has a direct


bearing on the quantity of grass produced. The amount of grass pro­ duced is directly prop­ ortional to the amount of nitrogen applied. But the question must be asked: “Is the response to nitrogen worthwhile in money terms?”


of applied nitrogen will produce at least an extra 15kg. of grass dry matter


growth to applied nitrogen will vary with the time of vear and with the interval between applying the nit­ rogen and using the grass. As a guide, one kilogram


Going back to basics:— The response of grass


in a month, that is grass at the grazing stage. A kilog­ ram of applied nitrogen will produce 40kg. of grass dry matter over a six to eight week period — that is grass at hay or silage St3£6. The next stage is to put


a price on the grass ary matter value produced. Concentrates cost £120 per ton or 13p per kg. Grass dry matter at grazing stage could thus be valued at 13p per kg. Knowing that one kilogram of nitro­ gen will produce 15kg. of dry matter, and knowing that one kilogram of nitro­ gen now costs 30p, it can be seen that 30p spent in nitrogen produces 195p as grass dry matter in one month. In a grazing situation


invest money which will quadruple itself in the space of a month. To maximise grass out­ put, long intervals should


however, only about two- th ird s of the grass is utilized, therefore 30p spent in nitrogen can pro­ duce 130p worth of utilised grass dry matter. It seems good practice to


be allowed between cut­ tings and grazings if one is not interested in the qual­ ity of grass. However, to produce quality grass of high ‘D’ value, the cuttings and grazings must be fre­ quent, so there must be a compromise between pro­ duction of quantity grass and quality.


quality and sufficient quantity, dairy cows set- stocked at two to the acre or paddock grazed at two to the acre will require monthly applications of nitrogen at the rate of 75kg. per hectare. For the hay crop 50kg. per hectare of nitogen should be applied and for silage 125 kg. per hectare should be applied. The above prac­ tice should give grazing grass of something near 70D and cutting grass of about 67D. Grassland management


In practice, to obtain .


is a complex subject and skill is required to give an economic balance. Two things are certain — grass is a first-class feetl for grazing livestock and grass can be an economic feed skilfully used.


Methods, it would have taken half the time.”


farms, but after his mar- riaSe to Bessie when he was 28, he moved to Great Harwood. Bessie was also 9 , J arming stock, her lather being a farm bailiff.


Jim worked on many


Glaxton Street and he cycled to Preston to work as a labourer for a firm of stone masons. After two years, he returned to farm work, the job he loved.


Jim and Bessie lived in


average he used to work between 60 and 70 hours a week for 27 shillings when he was married.


He estimates that on


Street, Great Harwood, the couple moved to Painter Wood, Billington, in the 1950’s, where Jim rented some land and kept poultry and pigs. He then went to work at


After living in George


THE present trend continues to loose-house cows in cubicles during the winter months. In the light of experience it is now known that with better design and construction, combined with ’


'


cubic managed


construction first for Frie- sians,. cubicles should be 2.1-2.3m (7ft.-7ft. Gin.) 6in.) long, l.lm-1.2m (3ft. 9in.-4ft) clear width bet­ ween divisions. An adjust­ able headrail ensures that the cows stand towards the back of the cubicles, do not foul the bed and have plenty of headroom when lying down. Whether the beds be of concrete, straw muck, limestone, sand or whatever, a firm flat bed with a slight rise, to the front of the cubicle is the aim. .


To mention design and By


Miss B Crozier


M.


Dairy Husbandry Advisory Officer


rials are used for bedding, the most common being sawdust, wood shavings, long and chopped straw, the latter being about three times more absor­ bent than long straw.


Several different mate­


maintenance all


economic and effective use of


Good management and results


in bedding materials


and clean cows. Therefore it is worth maintaining the base of the cubicle during the winter, as hollows ana lumps may appear, leading to discomfort or rejection and.soiling of the cows. Adjust


Langho Colony for 10 years as a labourer, retir­ ing in 1968.


1970, just after they had moved to Billington Gar­ dens. The couple’s son, Keith, has little interest in farming


Sadly, Bessie died in


going at too fast a pace. “People used to know how to relax and everyone was very friendly,” he says. “I was always happiest


Jim feels that life now is


working on the land; it was quieter and I was more content. Farming is bred in me and if I had my time again, I would go back to agriculture."


the correct position after the initial period in the cubicles, so that dung falls in the pas sageways. Remove dung pats which occasionally fall on the back of the bed. Tractor scrape passageways and adjacent concrete areas at least once a day. This reduces the amount of dung carried on to the bed on the cow’s feet.. Site water troughs care­


the headrail to


sheds are kept clean pro­ viding that design, con­ struction and management are satisfactory. Clipping of flanks and hairy udders helps to keep cows clean ana is essential for “prob­ lem” cows. .Twice daily removal of dung and bed­ ding of the standings helps to prevent soiling of the cows.


the cows can occur in prob­ lem areas, such as around water troughs, gateways and poached access roads to fields. Soil adhering to cows’ feet, hocks and udders can be a particular source of sediment in milk - as particles may be so small in size that they pass through the milk filter. At such times important


In summer, soiling of


thoroughly wash and dry udders.


than it


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fully, not allowing them to overflow on to the beds. End cubicles may need protection from driving rain and, lastly, repair any broken timber straight away. Cows housed in cow-


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