The auheroe Advertiser A Times. November 27. I%4_


PLUMBER’S WIFE IS HIS I CHILDREN LEFT ALONE IN THE WORLD FIND


BEST MATE by VALERIE GREEN A PLUMBER'S best ntatc


"•these days is, undoubtedly, his wife. For the past three years,


OWED IN THE


wives of registered plumbers in the London region have been carrying out valuable publicity work for the Cause of sound British “plumbnian- ship.” lecturing to groups of housewives and w o m e n ’ s organisations on the principles of modern plumbing.


) to their credit in yosit up to £3,000 Repayments are ith’s notice, but demand.


EE S A N K


jrch Street


the Women’s Auxiliary of the Registered Plumbers’ Associa­ tion. are making a special appeal to their counterparts further north to follow suit. They want plumbers' wives in


And now. these same women,


j weather is cold, that they should turn off the main water supply, drain off all the water in their pipes and also drain it all out of any radiators they may have.”


PIPES


each Christmas with sickening frequence, is that of frozen pipes.


Another problem which recurs


Mrs. Lewis, "for goodness sake don’t do anything drastic like holding a blow lamp to it, or put­


" I f this has happened.” says


ting a roaring electric lire right next to it.


should be applied: perhaps a boiling kettle placed near the pipe, or a lire some distance away.


"Gradual, more gentle heat


a registered plumber.” T h e do-it-yourself plumber


"If these won’t work then call


cities like Sheffield to give up just a small part of their spare time in helping to improve standards of workmanship and


types are perhaps Mrs. Lewis's pet aversion. “They can get themselves and their systems into such a mess,” she said. "A registered plumber has to


installation throughout th e country. Mrs. Gwendoline Lewis, wife


, can do his job, and knows skills ; which the ordinary man can’t i just ’pick up.’


BROKEN


"Even fixing a washer in a washbasin should really bo done


bv a plumber. “I ’ve seen counties cases where


.1. S-1-. l.L /.mJ I.ma iiOi el'illc i "tr n r r r r \ i r r \ T T T n H 7 T \ T n


the man of the house has tried to do it himself, has dropped the spanner because It® didn’t, know how to handle it properly, and


help and sym path y y


|jy County Alderman Charles Leatherland, former Chairman, Essex County Council


day of the year some little child is lost or is abandoned by its pa r ent s.


has broken the basin. “I also know of a very ambi­


tious do-it-yourself type who decided to instal his own central


heating system. "He finished his work and


switched on, but before very ion" his hall radiator had frozen and bust. He just hadn’t known how to balance up the system throughout the whole house.


"This is typfca' of the Prob- lems that can arise when some-


one tries put a P*ece , plumbing without being properly


trained for the job. "Because of so much unskilled


have at least fo u r years’ specialised training before he


only involves perhaps two speak­ ing’ dates per month for the wife ! who feels she would like to help, j “We want her to give woman- I


if a college lecturer in plumbing and founder-chairman of the , Women’s Auxiliary, said; “It j


to woman talks on how to prevent and cure all sorts of household plumbing mishaps, and how to help improve the standard of plumbing In this country.” "As things arc at present, with


workmanship, and the fact that 3.000.000 homes in Britain today still have out-dated plumbing systems. British plumbing hasn’t got a very good reputation. "It is the aim of the Auxiliary to try and improve that image.*


How to make the best use of chrysanthemums


no special legislative control, anyone can set> himself up to be a plumber and can fit a most efficient installation. "People aren’t yet aware of the


fact that they should always call on a registered plumber, one who has done the official four years’ training and has had the right


experience." Mrs. Lewis is usually deluged


with questions after her talks to women’s organisations and many women come up to her for advice after their .m e e t i n g s, are


samhemums those beautiful flowers which are with us all throueh the year but which really come into their own in the autumn For a few shillings, your chrysanthemum arrangemc will bring long-lasting warmth and colour into your home.


There are a number of vari cties of this fascinating flower


in the florists’ shops. The big single blooms are


officially over. One topic frequently raised on


AMUSED


questions and is sometimes quite amused by the way in which they


Mrs. Lewis is used to such


are phrased. "We did a survey no; so long


ago and found that 65 per rent of the population used the word toilet; four per cent w.c.t two per cent, by a private nickname, to per coni bathroom and 14 per cent lavatory." Mrs. Lewis and her colleagues are also trying to educate the


these occasions. . . . in tones of hushed embarrassment... is that of the inefficient toilet.


called “ Incurved,” “Incurv­ ing” and “ Reflex. ’ The In­ curved have lots of tightly- furled petals, very regular in shape: the Incurving have a looser look, because the petals arc irregularly arranged: and the Reflex have their inner petals curving inwards and I their outer ones curving out-


! wards. ! When buying any of these varieties, make sure that the undersides of the leaves are firm, with a good clean colour, and tlie petals are clear and un-


housewife to have the whole plumbing system checked and overhauled every 18 months. "This would prevent many


m 19" luxury TV


|this. Initial payment only i months. And more: free


|,on; receives ITV, BBC1, > finest in the country, at BBC2 standard aerial


I Alt this from D.E.R.—and lod 12 months. Over 350


SUPER SAVE AT


ll TH E ROE lor "56


Pi u r


ing system should also have stop cocks on each individual appli­ ance as well as at the mam


"Tlie ideal heating and plumb­ , , ,


supply point. "At Christmas time. I sup­


pose. many people will be going


awav from home. ■•It, is vital, especially if the


I marked and look crisp. | Tlte Incurving and the 1 incurved arc at their peak when ! tliev look completely round m I shape, so that you can judge the ■ freshness of the flowers by seeing


household disasters, especially m the case of stop cocks, which can easilv become loose or part coi- roded.


clirvsanthemums is the all-yeai- round spray. taU-stemmed flow­ ers in beautiful colours with a number of heads to each stent. Just a couple of stems, very economical to buy, will give you enough flower heads to make a very attractive arrangement.


OTHER TYPES


i which are flatter in the centre ! Even the fullest-developed chrys- 1 antlicmunis will give you long life in the vase, but the best value—with a vase life of four weeks or more—comes if you buv these flowers young and enjoy seeing them growing fatter and rounder in the vase. With the Reflex chrysanthe­ mums, the bloom is in good con­ dition and will last if the innei petals are tightly held over the centre of the flowers. A very popular variety of


leaves ideal for use in these arrangements. Such preserved 1 foliage is particularly good value since


11 OI 11 UUU ouuiih'—; ---- - next over a long period and keep


from one arrangement to the 4 non went to make their way in it it can be transferred


ful and of good quality this week in the florists, particularly the large bloom varieties. Other recommended flowers this week include roses, anenomes. violets and carnations. There is a W■


its glossy colour. Chrysanthemums arc plenti­


variety of house plants, includ­ ing Solanums. Cyclamen and


do Azaleas. ____ “ L X V aiiiI more Umn


other types of chrysanthemums in the shops. All of them give verv good lasting value to the housewife and all of them can be used for the most graceful flower arrangements. The best foliage to use with chrysanthe­ mums in arrangements is becclt leaves or eucalyptus foliage pre­ served in a mixture of glycerine and water. All such foliage is available at the florists, ns well as a number of other varieties of


You will find a number of


A Another is bereaved, and left with no parents or guardian. Twelve a day are deserted by their motherc Six each day find that their unmarried mother cannot give them a home.


What happens to these fate. o£ «°lsam’ ,cft swir,inS


!,r We can'fed pToi.d*thatV'1 are not neglected, nor left to their c


necessary till they are 18 W®IS They are properly educated,


.sometimes they win schola ■ ships—even to universities, m


due time, they are trained lo adult occupations, and to w independent, self-reliant mem­


world they are “deprived cliiU ren." But the Child Cate• Se■ vice restores to them m a n oi the blessings of which they h. been deprived. Perhaps the mt sing affection of a loving re*


bers of the community. In the jargon of the


family, endowing them with all the domestic comfort a n d showering on them all the affec­ tion that Is devoted to an ordin­ ary child, this can often be an almost ideal solution.


NO TWO ALIKE


parent can never be repkiced. but something even aproaclung this is provided. And the lettei of thankfulness that in later 1 f_ flow in to the people who befriended them in their time ot need are evidence enough oi


this. MUM MAY BE ILL


who come under official care ni orphans or waifs and strays. No


permanently or only lor a wee or two.


the mother is ill, perhaps m nos- The commonest cases — - Of course, not all the children


even the majority. This P«hh° service caters for any child vh needs care and a home, whetne


half of the children arc now cared for in this way. The foster parents are paid a reasonable sum to cover the child’s main­ tenance, together with extra for clothing, for holiday and for pocket money. The boy or girl shares the whole of the family life.


It work# so well that over one s are Where ,


pital. Over 15.000 children a come into the care of councils for thus reason. Anothei 10.000 are looked after while the motUci is having another baby. Ana there arc well over 2,000 where the familv is homeless because of eviction, nearly 900 because the parent or guardian is in prison, over 1.000 Realise home conditions are unsatusfactoi .


person,' uiic


might be exposed at home. IN COUNCIL CARE


fill influences to which the child | generous-hearted folk who want •• often because of harm- vw«*w.~ -- i always


the Town or Cou nnnntv "Won willill give


...... information y Hall to


i to help. But if any people have an idea


; many wont out. Over 40.000 ! returned to parents or ,o rela­ tives or friends after long oi short stays. Over 1,600 were


Last vear over 48.000 children were taken into care Nearly as


4.000 went to make their way m the world on reaching the age of


eighteen. How are these 65.000 boys and


girls loked after, and where do they go to live?


evervone in the service agrees. If good foster parents can »e found to take the children into their private homes, and bring them up as members of the


There is one point about which


; of '‘making big money” by taking 1 foster children, they can dis- : abuse their minds at once. The : authorities certainly see that ; they are not out of pocket, but pavment scales are not fixed as high as to tempt the wrong kind of foster parents into “setting up an industry.” What the authorities look for is someone who will give a needy child a nor.wa-l home and affection.


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ren who are boarded out, there nrc about 20,000 in "council homes.” Some of these are cot­ tage homes, groups of houses laid out in a self-contained estate. Others are old middle-class houses that have been converted. Some are specially equipped for handicapped children. Some are nurseries for babies. But the new style of home is a smallish house that caters for eight or ten children—where a big happy family can be built tip around the staff—where the instiutional atmosphere of former times can be eliminated.


In addition to the 33,000 child­


: children have been put by eoun- ! ells into such homes.


; homes are carefully selected, and ' can obtain any special training that is needed. If they are


House mothers in the council


1 married, the husband m a v : become the house father, while '• continuing his ordinary outside ' employment. Assistant house mothers help with the care uf the children, while ordinary domestic workers assist in keep­ ing the place clean and tidy. In nurseries or other homes where circumstances make it necessary, there may be a trained nurse.


NO EXTRAVAGANCE


staff costs money, and so the average cost of keeping a child in one of these homes can be as high as £10 a week. Perhaps the ordinary housewife will say: "U doesn’t cost that to keep my children."- But then, she is usually paid no wages—or so she is fond of saying. The staffs of these homes have to be paid at official rates, and they have to be big enough to ensure that the children are looked after in illness and in health, by night and by day. The cost of building the house has to be paid off year by year. The rate bill has to be met-. Food, clothing and furniture


Employment of this essential


havc to be provided. Fuel, lighting and heating cast


money. When ah these factors are allowed for. the government auditors regularly satisfy them­ selves that there is no extrava­ gance. Everything is expensive


in these days. THEY "BELONG"


local schools. They join the local Scouts and Guides, along


The children usually go to the


with the rest of the boys and girls in the neighbourhood. They


dress like those other children: the old-fashioned uniforms htu’0


been abolished. They have their Christmas treats and birthcla> presents. Everything is done to make them feel that the} "belong."


eleven-plus successes and go> to grammar schools. When they start earning wages, carefully chosen lodging or hostels are often provided tor them—when they are ready to embark on this stage.


They get their share of the


you can feel that the old days of Dickens exist no longer.


As a citizen and a ratepayer, Altogether, the Ohild Care Ser-


into the care of worthy volun­ tary societies who have been caring for children since the last centurv—but whose resources are strictly limited. Nearly 4.000


Some children are transferred


, Fitting the right child to the ! right new home is a very respon- ! sible task for the Child Care ; Officer. No two children are 1 alike, in one home a high- • spirited boy might be a boon; in another a strain. A studious girl might suit one home but not another. A Roman Catholic family would obviously be pre­ ferred for a Roman Catholic child. Some foster parents prefer girls to boys. Nearly five girls are I boarded out to every four boys, The children cannot merely be


P(,rmnf. merely be


And between 4.000 and b.uuu . cnsures Umt js well, have to be removed from tncu | ylorc {ostel. parents are always parents, by order of the court, j noc(M children's Officer at nnrt nut in the care of ft


"dumped” into any foster home and then be left there. Close investigation is made into the character of the would-be foster parents, into the comfort and cleanliness of the home, the stability of the breadwinner’s employment. And afterwards an officer pays periodical visits, talks to the faster parents and the child, points a way out of any difficulties, and generally


.......................... I.


ilVLUVU. 8. m; VUiiutvn w ----- - -tv


vice costs just over £21 million a year. Here is how most of it goes: Boarding-out accounts for £ 4.i, million: local authority ,


homes £10 million: Local autho­ rity hostels. £\ million; mam- j tenancc fees paid to voluntary \ homes. £1 million; Pocket nionej and holidays. £50,000. And there is £5.i million for administration, though this covers not only the maintenance of children in care, but also other functions which local authorities have under the Childrens Act.


a week, varies according to age, and between one part of the country and another. Boarding- out may range from just under £2 to well over £3; in local authority homes, just over £10, in hostels, about £9 10s. Pocket money, holidays and presents average 11s. a week. And the average all-in cost Per child over the whole country is just over


The cost of keeping a child for £7.


thing towards the cost of main­ taining their children. About £1 million a year is collected in


and where they can afford it, they are required to pay some­


Where parents can be traced,


this way. What kind of men and women ,


HELP FOB MOTHERS


mothers and their assistants, usuallv members of the Resi­ dential Child Care Association. Some are married, some single. Thev need a good general educa­ tion' and practical experience in child care. No academic qualifica­ tion is needed, but training is available for women over 18 and men over 21: married couples


First, there are the house­


can train together. Next come the Child Care


i care of children placed a ith 1 them. They often represent the : council in court when cases con- cerning children are heard. But : becoming more important ever> i vear is that aspect of their work i which aims, by advice and help. ■ at keeping the child with his own familv, keeping a family united, or re-’unittng families so that the children can go back home.


Officer. 500 men and 1.200 women —the workers in the field. They supervise the homes, keep in touch with parents where these are known. Investigate applica­ tions for children to be taken into care, advise and help par- | ents who arc in trouble about their children. They assist m ; finding suitable foster parents ■ and helping these people in their |


"ive to a harassed mother, or to a family on the point of breaking up. is enormous. But to succeed —as they so often do—they need to bo sympathetic, to have good iudgment, to understand people,


Tltc help these officers can


and to be resourceful. Theirs is a work that calls for much j experience and training. Now a- j davs, the entrant often has a j university qualification in social 1 science, and then takes a ye8r s , special university course in tile j work of the profession. Ex- , teachers, or people who hate ; graduated in a subject other than social science, undeiw a slight!'- different course. Thete are also two-year courses, for older men and women who hav e not been to university, but whose education is good enough for them to benefit from the train­ ing and who have .suitable per-


sonal qualities. d e d ic a t e d s e r v ic e


bv the Central Training Coun­ cil in Child Care as a suitable qualification for Child Care Officers. The subjects studied cover a wide range, including htm.au growth and M p m e n t , child health, law, social adminis­ tration, social influences on


These courses are recognised


behaviour, and PrRctical work. The officers are usually


members of the Association of Child Care Officers.


council’s Child Care Department i s t h e Children’s Officer, some­


Finally, at the head of each


times a graduate, but ahmya with a wide experience of all phases of the children’s service an“ of public administration


general!''. About a half of these Children’s Officers avemenand


n half women. In addition to ensuring the welfare of the ch.Ub ren in their care, they h a 't responsibilities for ! t '' c j tl offenders in Approved Schools Also for preventing baby fanning, cruelty or neglect by women who privately take child-


ron into their homes l oj e am. ,her, are 8.000 of these children.


jo,- the legal adoption, in suit­ able ewes, of children who are to S S r charge-bringing a great-deal ot happiness to all


As well as all this, they arrange


concerned. The Children’s Officers rank


high in the local government organisation. They have the.r


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\


own Association of Childrens Officers, which is continuously looking ahead, endeavouring to ’enhanre tbe value of th.i service


they give to the community. A heavy burden rests on all


the men and women who run this dedicated service. They try to make unhappy families happy, and to be a friend to any child In need. They invest generously of their time and ability. And , Society reaps a handsome divt-


dend.


pledged themselves unofficially to support the small Cornish firm, Western Egg Pasteurising Co Ltd., which is fighting against the Egg Marketing Board’s refusal to supply it with eggs for processing.


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More shopkeepers than ever the country.


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