!T71M 'Mi ) c i r M i f e o E MAC World i of i f day p. shop, K -I it that
Ih was; li with-: I an to-
| Ji^ysd them I ! quiter, who Jessions, beading Woreton Vhalley happy liin the] Church, / J fly, the
Ion the l;by the;
ie hall.
leplaced Itlve ,of
pbtively g, ol
pus des- all in
de fur-
liallway |e Fells, head, frown
bed the towards front
dte and
|e path- lid thus
|oe and ar that of: the shec
iLondon I and
to the
lipanied ^resting penti:ol at an
iecently
|! to the . drkey itour-;
l^oa, Mr ‘ Conte joruise
Jriptioris fe tJoar lofltable qoursej uijr! Inl ■
tcludmg post mr lie itlme' al^thi^ he'Holy lieri:and> P; passed
diMrt || Duce
iBbookd timd they
I r w/ear ■ i ■lid ,one ,
Ithey’vi'i bier.
pd Wltli ; luic,
kec,
padei tei agp
; m'.'p !
porst ol else, : couic
fiurope's |of ithS plchlld] Iconilng id It
IbrMtl bgetoi
pspree' fof ;ex-
for.ithe ■ :fi]on
ling' tt lajoHtt bf pos
odlngi
pe tool: j The said
, C
1 schoo: Is wee! I injithe ^
bi wayowl,; oents.;
t with ito its . way|
the .(Catholic Bpclal Stjudy Club. Rev. (Fathbri Kppp, £ .J. " Cblleclilve ihadne>s',’
'Of t]he; inolvlduals; " "ilatleiris,MThe|re is; - natlemal jmadhbss, ;or offenbe against ]Umlgh
the ipihchesterjbraneit of the CaipoUc Socl^ j Guild, I deUvkep address: obljthe [ sub, ec
and bn ; Sunday MrJ
presided, said Mr. Npirby,
“ Is oinly bnliaggregtlDh of the behav
vjfho 'compoi sach a thlnl national s:
: only jbe’ justiy answered ' as a whole] | iT^ls :|:eiiin'ds,;us th,at ;we cannot standi aside In any self-righteous
;y God whlcl for by the
' exonpratlbiij Ifrojm plane lypen wp around :iisi a mad world a world of wl our bouhtr}]:;lsia|parl}, end we lndlvl|djials are a part; of buy country.
rlilch see _:l i^TjvkllARD j 01'i SANITY.
' ! “ if wcipay i'th|e wbrli is mad, wpa|t Is our’;st'aiidard:of mqrailty? I, We must
thiiilng. I
only one stimdard of
si.nlty,|the stahc(ard of the Crpss. 1 I He| V ho hangs upon it sayi “ J am’ the LIjPt bf the world.” Reaton procialnis, anc the!Divine Iword con^rms ppyong aiijy shadow of .Mpht, theireal rtdiidard by which all things should ;!beiijlidged. Christian staiidard
AsjCathcllcs, we can have cont. .
fashions arid political i reeds. "Wit i this .,
: a s r i l L - _ ----- , , stapdard, j then]; let] upi .look for moments .dt!d rndd jfo id. ,
I
ivHloh strives I ,
-i.il ..L,
'charity
Mhej general! drift .intoj a' state of ! Twenty ybard after id war which v ! end wars the hatlonp a :e again prep to destroy! bne ariothe ■ with weapt
‘ arelfaced with no mpn appprent or startling evidence of Its;madness
ears. , *—
..wlc]ked Tredty ■GreatI' Britdln,
p i ...................... h “far ;cohtemplatlng tle world todiy Is an The all pissing
bedrockob lani
of
not imagliiel ipeilely thi.t weburseivesjare staridardsl of sarilty,] ar d judge the wbrld mad wheii en it dots coptpary to our v ay of
to members of . - Mrhe
'----
. , ____—J yORLD .; Ipriate title for. a
Througil Cattioiic Eyes (I ,l
SEVEN POlN TS FOR peace;
lecture just n Frank Newby eif
seems an appro- iow.
ah important
ing, arid with i t another huge depart ment, bf social life Iri which men-acted as intelligent and ]responslble agents. The decline of private' property arid the appalllrig maldistribution , of capital wealth! Is one of the most significant facts of our times, i Ninety per cent, of thb. population have to be content with iess !than one-half jof the national
Income. . ; ' i “ The Church has palwayp defended ABVERTISiJR AnD ’■ft,'
our usual custom, to write about the one ,who has been dor so long at Wj and]here,
a.true witness foitlChrist stalvyart mpportep of His ] Church, burial,I at Wvresdale showed the uAirtersa:
respect for him there wheM he ha prominent
had ’' the seve and Bis! and] whei
ral yehrs he had been tjie leader, gene: 'oUs, of •] the faithful wor ee
beep clerg
in all the, work of (he Churcl a, staunch and reliable heap ! . arid . congregation. He re
property ab a natural extension of human .personality] !!and while the Communist wished to stop this mal distribution of wealth by. taking property away! from everybody, the Church main tains 'th a t maldistribution should be cured by a just and] :more equable dis tribution. Let some! people own their houses and land on which to grow their own produce, aiid. you will have solid, well-established families who can tell the Sthtp where It gets pfl when; it forgets th a t j t is the servantjpf the people, and same j tii not the people who ate the Servants of the state. ; ■ ]: Jir
___ advice wari ' always jpf valud -For som'e year! he was a member of the Bovrlanei Rurjal!pi!trlct Council where his, seivices werp Higri'y-appreeliated. A resolute jniin of strongconvictions 'he yetllcombinijd with them, a giacipus kindliness arid a ple isapi humoilr which woii the esteem and r-!garc of those who might differ from; hinj. We arelgriatefril to hlm' for'all he was i ahp v]e dre glad; to have known h m friend.] Hi .will belgreatly misSed.' V____ to his jwifP and family pur'driepest sy npathj —a|dpubld measure—as (hey Mrs. punderda(e, a qiie
of pur whose
offer also lost at. the ^ I STATE CONTROL: ! “ There is a tendency today to turn
men and women li^to nlt-wlts, pre- suma.hly on the assuriiptlon tha t nit-wlts are the proper I Inliabltants of a nlad world.
Intelligent! j and responsible
agenjs are not very popular just now. Obvious examples of this are the dictator countries, hut there ate Indications of the same sort of thlhg In this country. There Is' an Increasing] tendency here for the State to control human beings up a ladder of growth which starts with the child, welfare centre! and finishes- with the employment exchange. , Tfie skilled craftsman Is not rieededjhaif,^ much as the mechanical macljihe-tehdet. “ In the moral sphere.v^e- in this
■'fiendish' jdevisal. i 'Tie Mlmpasp appealp ' of I Pope Benedict X'V beljlgerent nations :n 1915 fell orij ceaf Indeed, therl; was drawn up: the
of I Lsndon, In which France and Russia
pl^gbd. themsefves i tc support Italy* in not allowing: the; reprssenljatlves pfi the Hojy Seej to ndbertase an^lplomptlc
steps having f or j tl el r object the con- cli^on of! peace]:
eace]: ; I .c ' iSEVBN ipblNTS. 1 1ni 119171 the' I^oi e addressee
natloifs .again, si iggest ng the term just and .lasting] pepcj. i These were redubbdMb seven points:
thie taerraail colonies iihould be restored. Thb alUes did not agree to adopt!ttese months
wijr; evacuation !of arid the: fdlr quesuop ;
bstlbhs] The Pop i jm mye i tlpulated alsp] timu sett:
hpw golrigiito mhkb the world sate for democracy]! How pi ich better if |tli|ey
1915, ‘nations dp nbt dleillhumbl oppressed they chafe imder the yoke ini pbsediuporijithem! pfebaring a renewal.of tlie-cpriibil and p^ing. down jfrjim generatlon|!| to: jgiehbr itioh a mo irniul heritage' of] hatred 'b d revenge.’ | ; ;“ Twenty iyeabs ja b ' hey said they] ymre
teirms] .and twelve signed] thCjTreaty o ohe now cldlmed tq pqacei j ‘ Reme:
. b emher,.] ipbpf Benedict —------- -
had tried to make litt e world bettOT 1 or rru»*<rf>c<
, days, plead ng for a riturn to sanity: a ■jiistlce. -God grant that statesmen](may hbed ' himi and itlflnik of their hepvy responslblilly before ( rod and man. ’
Gpd. i 'f’hb vokb of eirth'-has! again' be^--------- -— ---
been - heard, in recent nd Christ’s Vic
iJNEM^llo PMEOT, . With ![tll6 unemplo|(|m|nt
i niinion unbmplo^ed, along - with ^ _______ , jve Ir. Newb:^ said: 3bop
acres of b^ren iahd which needs, Ihg Into flblds of cpri. 'Why donot|}ve
; put the unemployed t > work on the land? I Because I t i havei waving :cbm on those
i bf big‘business then
! ilrbrk.!' : Why is* thi hieti
Ih the tojms ' ' ■
' have difficulty'in selnng their mahufpe i tiired .goods, to! th; countries wffi"' I sipply ;iis Iwlth coin If ;.we refuse, i't ik e their] corn bec!use.lwe hadjbeg:
binploymeJit.” IM i . liad
I think] 1 , 1 luiiled
'■ After !condemning the notion -that religion and huslnesj had nothing
!
abuses ol jcapltalism, . 11 “ The ! Church | dpes bapitalisni as !shej tilsnii because shp Si.
ant to. I he ird
Ith'
jrtth each]other, Mb,: Hewby turned to!the i'iinsane I lawlessne^ ’ arising from the
to
system of! economy c in conformity] ■wi;h . . . . ..-------. , bhrlstlan 'morality] v hereas Communism bnnnnj. jOn tjhe Other ifand no ofejhas
eater y: golir than I the] Church:...i - and.' Jlke Father vine'eft McNabb, I am^sut-
attacked th e abiis;s of capital’'
does:hot
r.U.C..be better :
irlsed th it a|plctir; bf|Pope L ,------'iL li..— ioupcil room uiilohlsm nevi
t
adorn] lause trade rlend.
UNBRIDLEB CAPlTAIilSM, are ;pies>lhgl; evils. In
. ' I ; { / iproperty-pl.e.,! put ■
rCouhtry which are tie result ot ah|u [bridled icdpltallsm.
i every tplrty-one 1 houses before Ismail lanily buslne:
! are Ownprs of prpoprty■ ! Nine o ipt p nsons who
ils occurring a faplc decline In private fev ei: and fewer peojp
the war now pay rent. The s Is' fast dlsar peai
Fop .example, rthere owned ’’
jays that the capitalist lan be made tp; w6rk the ; principles bf
„ — .— - Opmrap-r clondemns not 'with
i helds] would mean Ithat a! lot more imen ' '
‘-T- thrown but' of I Because a w..™,
n the.'towns ■would ot
on later,!
I ersailles, which he a Just or
itlng no
fceims right
(f a the
Iristead of | Iforc e; iesseiilpg'’'hf ments; arbitration; Ilfr:edom of theTsi, copdohatiohl bf Idami ges ]and costsiof ’ ’ ~ '■ ' ' o:cupied terrlti ement! of territoflal
country have no] great] cause! for satis faction. There is plerity, of, evidence of a complete’ surrender to iilateriallstlc standards. To have ja! goo^ time and to keep up appearances are trie ruling Ideals, while the |clalriis of . a natural law —not to mention a diyirie positive law - are completely unheeded. ' ifou find this reflected in a Press wlilch panders to the taste-of less Intelligent readers, and also in the social atmospljere' o f ' the newer suburbia, where , !tO; have a large family Is held to be either a|kign of incredible Ignorance or to be slightly indecent.' “ One of the few good'features of the
Nazi regime In Germany Is its support of the family (so lorig as It Is an Aryan family). Of course jit Is possible to do th e ; r l^ t thing fbr the] wrong pasori, and If you b c ^ t the family: merely to get large; families to b e 'n s^ In an aggressive military machine there Is nothing par ticularly .Christian about it. ! NevertheT less, considered In Itsdll, ;both Italy- and Germany have shown theriiselves sane on this question of ;the jfariiily, in contrast with the mad recklessness of England and France; Both, these, countries are only now begtanirig to IreaUjse the dangers and evils of a declining population.'
, • “ If I were asked wpat'I consider the
THE MADDiisT THING, I i ! ' ■ • I
maddest thing a State could do,; I should' say ‘To persecute the Catholic Church,’ and this for two reasons:'firstly, because history shows thrit ybu dnly! strengthen the Church when you persecute it, and secondly because in ’ seciitlng. you are only witness of its divinity. ——.— ------ one.of the marks |of His, Church would be tha t men would persecute it. | Today at least three large jcouiitrle's, Russia, Ger many and Mexico, are actively trylrig to harry the Catholic Church opt of exlst-
the act of per-
making yourself a Chrirt said that
vence, with varying, degrees of success; I t Is’-possible, of course,]] almost! entirely to stamp out the Church In :ri country, but this Is always a Merely temporary suc cess, and the gains'of the Church in
martyrs are always ■ greater than her losses.
i . , , il !' ; -■ “ Persecution In Germany has been
■ib grown |our own: tiey ■yrould not itip- pur manufactured! giods] and that |in tbm wbhid throw jmihy workers
i u / do
condemn
’ particularly successful. It] has proceeded along, the lines of ri^cuie; trumped-up, charges against the Cler^, the closing down of all educational institutions, the abolition of the Catholic! press, and a certain amount of lying land swindling, i believe th a t no] one has 'been openly killed there because he was!a Catholic, but hundreds have been klllea under one trumped-up excuse o r another, and many hundreds more are said I to be In con centration camps.! A] priest who knows Germany well, and who recently spent'a long time there, told me that thp Church wlU, probably be rilmort : completely stamped out In iGerriiariy ]in another twelve months, ririloss ; something
happens. ] .1 : , ; IN ' ITALY: ; ' - In Italy the Church, has great In-,
fluence, so apart from One or two repudi-] atlons of points of the Lateran Treaty] concerning marriagd aind education, there has been no open i attack on the Church. If, however,' Mussolini should decide to. tighten things up, as seems probable, he will ba resisted by his own
people, under the|.leadership of a.Pope whose features are as strong as Musso-, Uni’s. (The fascist phUpsophy, like its opposite number In ! Germany,, has not
much use for a reUglonl which teaches the essential unity of ;the human race and the equality]of ail]peoples before God; nor can. It tolerate a Church which denies th e 'r ight pf the state to disregard the dignity | arid rights of the individual.
“ The ruthlessness ,bf the communist ’: ! i ;
persecution of reUglon] In Russia, Mexico and Spain Is only tbo] well known, so I need say no more about It. .“Another world] madness' which -Is as
old as persecution oi the Church is natr .(Continued at foot of next column.)
chair tHe
The soloiits, were; ,|Mr. Johnj.Taylor, from Blackburn dathedtal Choir; ]Mr. D. Start, bl ■wrialley;
Stainer's
They !.we:^e 1 heard; to very good adiai tage. Mrj; Taylor’s
assuming Christian lady who bo agohlsfrig [illness'With the I utmost fririitude and simple!'trrist ;as only ri] true Chr:stian could
Slaldbum respect an
was a striking te 1 i-egard lin which
done. ,The Mem t|iej MflTON
] gave! a : most pleasihg renderii ■ ■ ig of ’Crucifixion’’ last Sunday ni ight.
CRUClFlXlON.”MAn
Start’s me re emphatic bass were mdst suit able for toe:
interpretation.pf the test Mr] Trim Dugdale as " a voice ini the creed ’1 was effective.
ind Mr. Tom Dugdale, of Mitton, sympathetic , tenor , anc Mr. and
Kenneth Shaw, gave ia good account of them-] selyes,]; re:idering manner. : Miftori
given. 11 Tl ei]e was ‘a,' good; epngregat: or and t.hfj coUeclllori wasjfor the church, e|p^nsesJ ‘ choir are very sorry to. lO!
cl.oir much! appreciated ■ tl e help Mr, K.] Shaw was at the organ, a tiling
their prgahist, he Is taking organist a t ;St.] John’s, Biacjkbum, be Ileaying after Easter.
-se Mr. K.^haw, up the post pf ape] willI ,
(jCoritln^ued from precejllng colt urn.)
lo n a l l^ ! I frequently these two t; rp =s of madndss are found together. They wrire together jin Ellzabethlari Englan 1, and they are today In Germaiiy. But na ion- allsmils older than Hltlir or Mussrilni, anii riiore i^dely]sprerid|than Gernany or] Itqly. 'T o ' accept nationalist smtl-J m e n t is aji^ixterislon. of patriot!sm,^ rib einri dpthe '^Ouridritlons olf political < rderi an'd rib'trie Jnsplrritton! of'culture jnoy be for the peneflt o f maij,' Criurejh ripprovesi ■ But not appreJve Is the] makln lorialiahiis siiprepe o v ^ the who! humain' a id social;life because this u; the whpli; order of I real values. The lan- ge|r Is all the greater ;wiien politics and phlloriopriy combine to Identify the nat ion with the state deprjylng the nation ofj lts] wl^er. character apd' of Its svpte-; mficy}over the state as a i aggregs tlrin of families, In such] a case |the state serves licit human persons antl^ frimllle:, a s 'I t sh,ould,i but racial alms p d national as-] plratlorisj The ejanger ; Is . again | still
more.lserlous when! the siiate is ld« not with the natleln but
and til! the
what si a does of race pr nat- e of isets
with a c
ntlfled br
with ri prilltlcal party, finally, trie ‘ false
Idfea pf'tjhe absolrite sovreigrity cf Iridl-f vldual states, wltji a resulting denlM bf ariy Standard! of international; m Drallty, places great obsticles in th e Way of in-- ternatlpr al ' understanding, Without wWeri peJaCe cann^cjt be secured,
TEE
tl|e criurifes of ilnjustlce,which glvri rllsejto .tlonallsm have] always, in , tire last
“ •'What is the Cihi philosophy ?! I'T
The Cl lurch sa:'s
a such that
CHCRCH’S 1 ANSWER. lurch’s answer
allty.j Catholic doctrine'gives ,the mghest dignity to the human person, free enf
dp' dit
.alyriisj ^a spiritual] a^d moral basis, .eyiusually spring froirjithe same ojrigin •mlsuriderstandlng of,' human pei sqn-
trie special'contributions which rate! arid copies! can offer to |the tvelrars |of imanli,y, and srie holds wide symiathy
wed with Immortalityj and called to a .vine dpstlny. The Church appreqlates
fir colli .boratlonlbetweriri nations.' ;To applj] the. consequences of this doctrine In tHe .mtematlpnal field Is a ’’jvoi k! of- ^aci demanding the support of ill The,
fpr trie'ways of science]'art, history arid iltiire which will provide spiritual help
operatic n between meii ]of learn ng qnd inen [Of action. i ]
! mjust he ’perforiried in closi qo]
peoples, It does tjalnlrig of existing cojidltloris—ibr .that
The Ideal of peace must satrra riot mb an a mer;
le ja l l nalri-
iTOuld mean the jpreservatlon of; he; very evils'wri have rierin discussing, li’erice the-riranquilltyl of] ri social cqnc itlori when participation in the comihoh
iThri jehorus, [ trained bjj Mr] the music
in augjminted
irial Seivi stimony to ' ley wer: neli
Bollanfl ii. the Parish of Slaldbum, member Fiiarice :Coriimiflee arid a coin iellof
maihei
,op]’s ijiouse where his lost is ines he unfailingly wfarshipped j even :ould and indeed should a vay. „ He was ■
Churchwatde n ,b| ter
in the ^laidbum’ Parish Rector;i(Rev. B.'T. iBowker). pays; the follojv-, ing tribute to the ilate Mr. John 'Whit iker,| of Vyobd End, Durisop Bridge, whosq p®®] We recorded ,a few 'weeks bgo “ We ifee) bound, Mthough it is contlra
THE LATE MR. J, WHlTAKEE.-t’Vi iting the;
Magaziri|e,
loss pi resdaie ^d'! The
y to; By CAREY LOltD.
Chamberlain to see, that the yvhole w’ nolv CO (vinced tha;it he Is thi
)
that Heir: Hitler has made his ariibitions plain enough for! even Mr. qrld. is
.-way in.Which shejproposes to payiforthem is by [, the] suppliers accepting payment in German goods wUiph they do not want—her wprids rind deeds;'go :to prove that prestige cotints ior ninety] per; cent, of herideshe for cblriniesl Two further points of view arise. M Genriany out to rule colonies for the bene fit] of the natives', residing in those colonies, or:;is she out to exploit them and convert their inhabitants]into goose-stepping cannon fodder,?
’ Hitlers jimmediately rallieditP.his cause. TTiey were open (b swallpw; anything , the German Fuhrerjtold them! j I, wonder, if they are how qui(e so sure.- Torilay German militarism Is 'mole ;histoiy, weaker largply of ithe
aggressive ;'.than ever, before in Its Democracy on jthq other hand is than it was iri l9l4, weaker I mean
Germany, and through lack of faith that the larger jdemocratic'i natiorisj have serious in tentions- of staudind by, ]the. lesser deinoc- racies. |!, They have] seep . the Treaty ,of ■Versailles tom to], shreds by brute force, the law. of| the jungle, j China'has been invadCd and ravaged by Japan; Abyssinia has been conquered and [annexed., to the Italian Empirb;. Spain has 'been, crushed] by Hitler and Mlissolini working,, ,'..with ai.', Spanish puppetj .as their figure-head; Czechb-Slovakla has bqen comple(ely jsubirierged arid Memel had compulsorily jrCjblri'ed the ’Third Reich. Do . 'th ^ things .eriePUragd’-Britaii to hand back tb Hitler; the bx-Gennan colonies ?
for want ]of unity,' through the fear smaller, nations' of the„might bf
bMthe Allies in (he following terms: “ Germany renounces iri favour of the prm- cipal Allied and i Associated Powers all her right and titles ] over her overseas posses sions.’] These possessions'were distributed among I the, several Allied Powers in the form of jmandates. Trie League of-Nations yias no( cbnsulted, fori the best of all reasons, it had riot then come • Into existence. The territbries yielded (tp by . Germa'ny. were,' of bourse,' not handed over: to the -respective: Allred Powers as] their future property but in i trust, to be adriilnistered in accordance
L inational rights.'
It 'islimportant that this should be fully un- deristbod, since thb return pf the Colonies to Geriiany to be ruled-in the old way would mdke a decided! difference, to their political outlook aside frb'iri the question of whether Ithby will' be better governed generally' by Germany, than jsay by ,:Britain,or France.'
Whether they ban* be transferred raises a, rarie) problem of I jurldibal'niceties, since it is
held,! by some authprltieS that the mandates caimot be termiriatbd either by (he Manda tory Powers or by the populations themselves. Nbt bV the Maiidatory Powers because, their title to the mandate did not originate in; the consent of the i populations concerned, and still less by the League bf Nations unless dne' of [the' Mandatoiiy, PptWere |so misconstrues the" rlrciples governing the exercise bf its
welfare secure for Individuals ihil 'for peoples ,a life in' conformity wl h tlielr natural and Christian jiestitty; Fo • this ieace we must p r^ ceriselessiy tt- Cod in d Catholic anc, iunltjefsal spirit, that riations whom jihe corisequencei of ]sin have' lorig kept divided, may si btnlt teemselves to the qweet autl ority of! Christ the King. ] And then't ris mad world nay find its healing, and estsbllsh
■;he. Peace, of ]Chrlst], In the Reign of 5hrisf-t
' Mr. Newby was thariked on the] motion I'' : ' Study Club vrill be held next Simday,
’ote, ol thanks ito Father Kopp and Mr.! J,i Ryan seconde 1. aimual igeneral meeting
idlng, The
vhen q reporti of; the; year’s vUi ile given, together with ecturq.
| .. | '.. B.W.! ■' '
)f Mbs C. Speak] seccinded bj!'^r. Dobsoii. Mr. 'vjf. PahqenbEich pr rposed a
for pre- of 'the
1 ictivitles a short
maidate that I corrective action becomes necbssaiy, Thus it is held that so long as
thejpopulationsjare.not advanced enough to govern theinselves no change in their present state is possible,! except of course by violence, 'nib populations can neither be handed over by the Mandatory Powers for self-govem- mbiit juntil they are ripe for it, still less .can tliCT I be tumfid rover,, once morfe to the Gei-man domindtlpn frqm which the World
War set them freb. : . M l
>ut #1 life
TbWand and the; Caraeroohs are a vastly dii'erent proposition toqiax-. from , a strategic view point thanj they were in 1914. As bases air operations they could .be made
to Geqnairi’ dl her pld Colonies we will (or the present. Let us loPk at the map.
whelrier there is 'greater or less i justification for the proposed restora-
i ' ■ ■ • ■ I
_merisely effective in Central Africa, and prove' an equal! menace to both .Britain and “ ,nbe.| SouUi Africa also would be inl iger as the map
shP.w5.at a; glance, . The,
--meroons] would make an admirable ce itre from wlucIt Gcrmsn suomsTinos, could
et us take those old German! colonies— Togoland and the: Camerpons. There
submarined can aljtapk,enemy shipping in the event of war, and]their territory generally the headqurirters of sections of the German air forqe?; If either jpr both of these,'would the British be anythmg less than lunatics to pro vide Germany grattU(ously with such mani fest strategical advantages ? '. Before his recent Exploits ini Europe, beginning with the absorption of Austr(a,, Herr Hitler told the Reiphstkg, whichi consists |of-a'multitude bf bopt-lickers,> thati .'“Gefmany’s ;polPrifal demarids ' have 'always been ' iriade with economic and not ;.with ] military ,'ends in view.” I When he first'trotted out this appar ently reasonable . iqropopal'. the British pro-
IS she more concerned about making their ' 't - ■ l: ■ -I ! 1 ] i i ' ciast-lines Into'bases from, which her
of Ahatrie says he Js most likely to, do, many Englishneri are beginning to wonder exactly wbat is ;oing to happen in the matter-ofi the exTGerm[ari colonle^ In this: country itwo opinions have held the field-: ; One,I;the opinion of a sm]ali: minority, that thd old German colonies' ] should be retunteq' to Hitler, the
sooneri.thC : better, and the other tbrit on nq accpuritlshould they or must,they be returned, Between those two ils the view held by mriny, pcjihaps a inajority,.that hpyr- evrir<wil ling'one riiiyht be td permit Gerriiany to|becomb once rimre' a Colonial power, she is not tri be trusted! with a’restoration qf her old position' in Africa.'While she claims that wriat she is wanting’is access tp raw materl- alEMos ri fact shejhasithe same
access.to raw. materials as any I,other nation but
..the 6nly
least reliable, that the very opposite ( of all the world leaders
.danger
zone.as it would easily extend to ;he opposite |cqast..,, :
.■ ■ |-
bombing] squadrons .could operate from Libya, Abyssinia,
the.Caineroons and Togbland, (he whole of French and British Africa north ot the Equator-would'lie within .their field of activity.; Thanks to their central position :ob German' aeroplanes working from ] Togoland and the; Cameroons would be perfectly! free to strike,- east or west, north - or jEOUth, a( everji one of .the vital] British or Freiich centres I in West,'Celltrdl and Eqiiatoilal Africa, while, the Italians'would be] similarly placed :to operate' in Egypt, thp Soudan;- Uganda; Kenya-.and Tanganlka. A further glance at the .map makes It only too obvious even to; the nonexpert (hat ithe re(um o( Tpgoland , and . the Cameroons wpuld have effects 'on France' and, ;Britain qeyond all estlmatibrilarid with whicri the conditions ill the 1914:18 wan cannot possibly be ‘compaiedl
bases fo(, their native trbops who police ;hp Central .-and Eastern Sahara.
I
is a widespread biit] mistaken Impression that Britain holds these! colonies under mandates received from the League of Nations. |Noth- ing oi the kind. '] 1 ’The mandates are held under] the ’Treaty, bf Versailles, Article 119, j which' confirmed the'military conquests made
portantiport of Duala which could] easiljq be transformed into a' powerful arsenkl.-:._wb railway lines connect this port witii trie'in terior of the country, and; can,supply I t with every commodity , that can be prPdubed in (he rich territory these ;railways, serve]. A; host of ships; regularly ply between Europe,'South America and the'Cape, and a navm base] at Duala would permit a running j. warfWe against all these ships. -Not for nothing then do the German'hierarchy demand ]the resti tution of their former colonies: .Confined to a single , base, at the other
end.pf the North Sea the German'above and under-wqter, craft nevertheless managed to cause' Britain much anxiety I in the last; war., ! But they] could do nothing either in- the Centrl^-or,lSouthem Atlantic. But once in the possession of the Camer oon estuary German craft could] wage |rc- lentlcss warfare agaihrt all merchantmen in -(he Atlaniic from; the Cape of Gbod Hope to the harbour lights of France-and England. Hence our desire to dp “justipe” to trie mad dog of Europe speak's volumes for. bur fairrmindedness but it would bb a costly . experiment, both in iboney and ; . material and most of all in lives]
Q
uite as much a menace as (he aii is the sea. The Camerodhs has the jml
4i
Plug cleaning ^^rvice at
ELLCATE GARAGE CLITHEROE
tS.-
We I might multiply .tenfpld the i offensive capacity a( sea of the Rbme-Berlin! Axis. ]
i
.with Well defined general rules intended to safeguard the well-being and development of the pirpulations iriyolved until such times as they were, considered to be capable of sell- gorierjitnent. All] the admirristrative author ity] was .entrusted to the Mandatory, Powers suhjeit to their, conforming to the principles laid down fbr them] and, the responsibility for^ seelnk: that these ' principles are bbsferved restslwlth the .subsequently formed League of Nations. Hence;the League.has a;certain supervision over]the abtlvities of the Man
datory Powers who rendbr annual reports to it, I bfit the Lekgue does not exercise and cannot exercise any authprity over the,man dated' territories |themsfelves. . , , ;
thb League of Nations but is invested in the. inhabitanls'of the territories, occupied 'and held in suspense until their develop- jmbnt admits ] of their exercising inter-
OVEREHjU’i'TY is -, not : .conferred either on Ithe Mandatory Powers or
'almedlat rib .territorial acquisition ]at thejex- pense jof Prance,! should; they proye victqn- ■bus llh pny war that might ensue. I qqes- 'tloned] 'His Excbllency iSbout .the Prefach Icolonlps, andihe said that he was; unable to give ai similar undertaking in that respect.” The next day, July 30th, Sir Ed’ward Grey replied :. ”.HiS|Majesty’s Government can not for a moment entertain Ihe Chancellor’s proposal that tlley I should bind themselves •
to.ne'iitrality'on such,terms.
Jiily,T914, the British Ambassador! in Berlm (Sir Edward.Hoschen) pent to his Fore gn Secretaiy (Sir Edward Grey).the]following record bf a conversation, he had had ,w)th the Germari Chancellor (Yon. BethMann-Holl- weg),: i “ I was asked to call on the Chancel lor to-riight. His Excellency had just returqed from, Potsdam'. He said that should Austria be attacked by Russia a European ponflagra- tlon might become inevitable, owing to Ger many’s, obligations as Austria’s ally, in spite of his efforts to maintain peace. | He then proceeded to',: make the following bid ifor British, neutrality. He said that it I was plear; so far as he was able to judge the main prin ciples [Which governed British policy, that Great Britain would never stand and allow France to be cnished in any conflict there might be.. That, h'bwpver, was not (he;object, at Which Germany aimed.- Provided that [the neutrality of (Treat Britain wefe certain, every assurance would be| given to the British Government that the Imperial .Government
■(OfT'HA'T would Germany’s attiiude have been In similar clroumstances ? ,■ In
; colonies are taken and France is]beaten] so long as Germany does not take French terri
’’•t ith aT. he)asks us, in effect, is toicn- gage to stand by while French
] ■ •
tory as dlstirict from the colonies] Prom]the material point of view' such a proposal is unacceptable, for France, without further territory in , Europe being takeri from her, could be so crushed as to lose her position as a Great Power, and, become subbrdlnate to
German policy. .Altogether apart it would be a disgrace for us to bargain with Ctermany at ; the Prance—a disgface'
name'Of this country, would, never recover.” Prom!this it is obvious,that one of the war aims of the German GbVernment in 1914 was to acquire the French colonies. | Genr any precipitated the 'World','War, and;the loks of her cdlonies followed as a consequence ofi her defeat. .FromI what can; be seen;of Hitler’s present methods and intentions,; he is I out to convert that defeat even twenty y^ears afterwards into a,victory, and the return of thel old German colonies will be ;a consider
hiet
able « not a vital gift, to be going on with, simultaneously Hitler backs Mussolini ul his
efforts tb secure control of the Mediterran ean.-He knows perfectly well-^pne better— that, if Mussolini cphtrols ,the Mediterranean Hitler! controls the Mediterranean, smeo the Duceitf not already then sooner pT later) wiU be ill'his pocket if he 'continues, to adhere to the Rome-Berlin Axis. Benito is bemg used by Adolf to pull thp chestnuts out ot the
■fire.■,;'.. - ■'.
I'due (o .fpOrance, loUyi weakness ,and| bad ■ ] '(ContlnuM ftiol of next colpmn).
nr?HAT we'of the democi^ies are in the . JLl^habtlc position we occupy to-day is
i , .- - '■]■ ■ ■ ]
di? PAINTS, WALLPAPERS, 'SfNlif^,'‘ BATHS, ETC., nW i!n . — COLOSSAL BARGAINS DAILY.' : 9-30, to 12-0 ; 1-30 to ;4-30.
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] Extensive varlpty jOf EASTER CARDS. ' M ..........
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from that, make- jthis- expense ot
from;', which the good
island ppwer witiln twenty-two, miles of the coast of Europe, has an empire scattered over all the;gibbe and is dependent for security on ito freedom of communication. One i of'the most 'es^ntial, pirhaps the most essential of its domn(unicatlbns,i and not alone for Eng land and the Mplre but for the whole, of Europe, is the Mediterranean. Any danger to the'Mediterranean as a free passage for the sliipi of thq iri] Britain
uie by prestige. England,, an
Zealand. [.India, I only
lued f fpm preceding coluinn.) are won by arms, but. they
WGfie.up Lazy kidneys!
linViatupfll urine-or poInfuL urination , tw'nio.. ?ourp«ln
uric acid and other Imourltlee and wMI "oj boieaecd until the kidney, ar. "“'‘"to active to filter theeo pcltone out of the
uvu— . , ___Palestine, the Near and Middl*e''’East I generally, and Egypt. The MediteiTknean has i played a crucial part in the destiny of Furope all through the cen
British Empire is felt not but in Australia,” New
turies ” he uncertainty there has raised the duestlbnWk fdr the first time since Nelson
disposed of it at the Battle of the Nile in 1798 The immfedlate cause- oft the .present aucstion mark m the rise of Italian piUitar-
ism whiilh Hitle):'is prepared to use entfrely for his dwn purposes, My space is gone and I cannot go further into the Mediterranean )-day. Suffice it that the Czeehp-
the cleft these last few y
Diuvu«a«M and Hemel episodes, of which he knew nothing t i advance, have opened the eves of ffussollnl, and whatever he may say before ms own faublic he is beginning to see stick op which he has been perching
lars. bldod. - bonne brand Backache Kidney Wtodf ™'- .. . ■ , SiSwe thlTkfdneyii°5''ffide'r ^elSineiilb end Sackacho, lumba<o. bladder weMneij
and ranal dropsy* ; ' (dr fifty yeart Ooane Pina have been
iameforyouP.'- INSIST UPON DOANS, 1/9. */'. */•
Royal ' Nation^ Lifeboat nstltutlqn fo r .
Thd American Government, which hM a Stlate Ufebpat service, has
the
details of the designs of Its veMCls in ordeij that thd American service may copy them.
to [ P in 1 IPR ITHOn!
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Hundreds' of, useful WEpOtNG ' TOKENS . Including : Let us (have your EASTER WEDDING Requirements.
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’P thfe Camerooris were German itliey would lie within about six'hundred mllPs
of the Italian Libya, a distance vyhich can easily be, covered .by, modern aeroplanes tb say nothing of motor trans'pbrit, whereas iri the World War an equal stretch [of detert proved (m, insuperable ■ obstacle to Tuikb- German, ;efforts to establish .a fpothold iri Central Africa. A few air-raids from Libyk and; (he; CamerPbris
wotild.make short wbrk of-the small'French forts :which aiie used as
emerge into- the Atlantic , and ,qttack but' sriippiiig travelling-north' to south or Vice yers3 i,£mid speh is the present range of;riti> marines jthat they would; have no' dlfiici Ity in workmg right aorpss the Southern Atlailtic to the Coast of Brazil.,,I-,.well remembeij in the Gredt War when the Mediterranean was temporariily closed to | British ]transjort vessels by, enemy submarines and troops had to go :toi India via the Cape. I was one .of a convoy,,which included |a dozen |passenigeri vessels each carrying well over a|thousdnd troops. '■'The usual traffic avenue between the Cape arid Great Britain; was menaced by German raiders, and so far aqross] (hb Atlantlp i-did. wp get before'we eventually reached |Table , Bay that, a few hours , iriore Steamingi would Itave brought us in slgrid ot ■the coast ,of Brazil, With ,q submarine'bjasb in trie ipjddle bf trie Atlantic ebastj of Africa there would Be no chance of evpding the
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In.days pf.8t;i LE-if’S refref
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b Igesffon and makes'tfie "
pd.strong.............. .;,
iifaod, is, so soft fffat sets-, in all too.; easUy; ,„'GU^ removes, the es that lodge between ic(iusc decay. In addi-
' I ■ ■ '
;css,and vyorry WRId^ hln^ GUM tones your
; and you needn’t fear drowsiness. Buy several packets of Spearmint (garden mint) dr P.K. (real pepper- ' mint) to-day and always keep a supply of this delicious gum handy in your purse, pocket or home. And
If you’re driving long distances or late at night, chew WRIGLEY’S
bcWre.togive.sDmo to the children —they
itbve.lt. i: ft i' -'.
l . FRIDAY, MARCH 31, THE CROSS ROADS WHAT HAPPENS
THE EX-GERMAN NOW? i
COLONIE I 'll
iis’ f I')
| 9 : 939 (FIVE)'
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w JH
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