...(V .


- ■■I r ADVERTrSER AJTD TIMES. FREDAT, JANUARY 4, 1924. Garnett—Ghambers


PRETTY B RID AL A T WADDINGTON- At St. ilelou’ s Churrh. WaUdiigtoii, on


Wodiio.'^diiv im>ruiiig, tlio inarriigo w;us Milcnmiboa of KlcHiiiora Joau, diugUter ol Air ami M»*s. NoNVStcad Gju-nctt, o f Slurobuni. Clithcroo, to Thouuis Jlobcrt. sol or Air. and Airs. Kicluml Chambers, Souti 1 arado, Watorford. Tlio eoroniony was wiaosse<l by a I'lr^o congrogation and was j>orfwrmcd by Iho N'icar (Uov. K. .Maitland Jleiulorbon). Air. (i. liowo prc.<uk‘d at tlu* or;r>n, and plavcd “ Andantt' »n (J *’ (lijitiMe), the llridal Ghonis Inmi “ loluMigrin. and .Memlolssolnr.s WVdding -March. 'JMic brido was givo!) away by bt-r lather.


She wt>rc a drc>.s of chainiKignc ^oorgetto. v.iili ati ovorslcii-l of i’aris laoc. iksoraicd at till- waisi with a N'iclorian ihxsv in psistol -had.'S. llor veil was o f gokl-coloinvd tnllc. hjjrmoumcd h.\ a wixsiili o f gold kav« > The maiil.s were Peggy, Josepliuie ‘ i***^*


Dehorah O mmmm- (niceos of the brulo^ 1 hey were .'lUircd in Wmlgwoml blue velvet liocks. with iv<M-v laco Irilksl collai-s and culk. their hat.s also’ b e in g o f Mne velvet, triinnrd wath


Tlu-duties of best, man uer*i disthaiged by


Air. k. lluLchiU'on. O.U.K. Following the ts-remony. a receptum war;


iiel<l at Shtri.lmrn. oul\ the imtULvlialo re­


latives iH'ing pre.Mmt. TJie honeymion is being spent at Hollenuen.


F.Miiouih. which ha.'^ lK.*en kindly kiit by Mrs. Foster, i-lie. Inddc’s until.


'IV bnde


traxs lletl in a tan velour coat and toknt. Ihuighok bat to niateli.


id .s r OF I'KFsi-rc'rs.


lhid*gro«mi to Mride: (Joid wristlet tvatoli. Ilriih* to liridegroom ; Gold sleeve liilK'. Fath. i- am! Aiotiar ol Ih itlegrooni: fiietiue. Father uf llride: .'^il\er t.i-a and eolfee>ervne ami canteen of .silviU' and cutlery


‘Mi.ss .> K. H. and U. ttanieit. JaouteiutUs A. M.aml H. N. Garnett: llreakfjusi, :ea amt


.Mother of jlride: jlonseJioUl Linen. Mr H. S. t'hainhers: t'lieipjo.


Or. and .Mrs. .1. .<. t\*opei-: C‘lie<iiie. Mr. and M r.s. .1. .N. G.'iriien : Glieqne. Alr.s. Foster: Clii«ine.


«liniier service. ...................


Sir Fre«leri< k and Lady lliideliilV: C’la pie. Mi'S Md«lred ami -Mi.'^s -Marg<n*y Jlrodanrst :


Captain ami Mis. llor.si:ill: Cheque. Mits Alireil .Mussonj Pair eamlles^tiele. !Miss Staitii. C’anisi..w sct.s and salt lui.v. Miss S. Ganu’tt . Ihinul l>oard and knne and kiuhen china.


Mrs. Slater: l.n.'tre jng. Air. and Mrs. .1. JL Bnnell: Mater ioloiir


Air. and .Mr.s. IL .M. IIoi>fall: Carved'loiil. Ciinon Giavn.'iri'et : Kipling's iK)enis.


Airs. F.nder.'; Lamp. Aliv. .lames Garneii: Silver titled dr-"ing


jurs. 1 lai l.iiii', (I.mv Mni.rl : Fruit, di^li. Air ami -Ml.! -M. V. Jiailiiw: lilanlicir. i)r. and ,Miv. Alard.mald (Swau.^aa) : Ciimunl Mia-, li.iwmaii: Hra.a i-amlU-tirlis and fillip.


Mi.-s It. cl-- 1‘ li'da.r: ■|■>■a liiuvus. Mira F. 1!. .Musgravr: Kmim.id.Tid na


(doLh.


AI i>>. Lowe : d't >vlie.s. .Mr. and .Ml . '\V. Cai iu-ll. ( la.w .M.'.l')


.Mr, and Airs. \V. King-Wilkinson : C.'lictm indoor Stall at Shirelnirn : 'I’wo silver l6>p


Che(jlh*.


Miv Coom-r (Manehe>teri : 'ri-avelling {# r f Mr. :uid Alr.s. T. P. i lo r 'fa l l : Travellingii/:; Mi.ss M. Whiu-head: Ktnbroiderod tea \\rn. IL V. Aitkeii: Cliecpie.


pr«‘,-erv<^ jar.s. y..


Air. d. IL Uunell: Cushion. .Mrs. Wilson (Wadilington Ho.»pital>: bus­ tard. salt and pepper pots.


Mr .1. K. Smithies: Aiuitiue china jar. Air! AV. fkirnetl ( Bristiil) : C1um|1|c.


M ss M. Dick; 'I'oa.sting fork. Mi>. «L (L Il«*rsfall- HoUi.ater can .ud cover.


Aliss C1latnbcr•^ ami Miss Myrno; Pair sr.er vas*.*-'.


Air. and Airs. Xorman (Iarm*tt: Pair si er toa.sl racic'.


Stand.


Air. Samuel Cliariibcr'. Cheiiiic. Air. and Alr.s. !. J. Ihdi : Hair brilsln-' .ml ea.>..<'.


Aliv. AI. Al. F.itln-rgill : .\nlioue gla'ses.


ilev. IL :iml Alls. Imihank: Clu'<ine. 'lainl«*ss <-utlery. cr (C'hatbnrn) : C'ut-gii.-.s


evmonr . e's AVins


\1(’.I t l.K-k ; Clothes t.i u-li and stand. I.i


idebi i.l Air W


i i . ’ wiMA*! "B .Mm-i


h. Air 1h


Alr.s. J. Stewart Ro.s Air. ami Alr.s. Robin Mr. IJ. B. Inglefield Air. G. P. Lowe: Pai ATi--'se> Cran ami W: Mr.-. .1. Al. llorsiall ; Air. and Airs. .). K. TbwaiU Mrs. Waltmssh'v ami Air. . Silver sauce l.a.it.


Pi I alv C.’hi


: W.HL. Hill ir:iv.. 1 ...Iriolli.


1.:. . ;


111I' 1 lui*: Si


niy : J ’mvoot


■


ird cloth. l^sIt-olt : llomtiit


t spra . inoidf'd


1: Cut-; o.kI: Table gl;.'.


elUiig clock, r servictu.* ring


bowl ami .stall.


.: Cul-gla.'v^ va\ lines \\ alniesk;


Air. ami Alr.s. FllL Nnttall Air. W. Mill: Clicnne. Ali.ss -\cusiead; Willing jiaiHT and lavcnd-


d o


Air. and Airs. Xiilmla' Roliiirsoii: Cut-gl*-> ing.


A Friend: Small ghiss jug and sugar bash Alr.<-. Irving: Paii eilvm* (.•andle<iicks. Air. and Alls. Meii e. Wbipp: Antitine gh - jng :ind bt*wl.


Air. and Alr>. Howard; Silver-mounted ebo.- walking .stit i:.


Air. Micbai.*! WaLli: ( ‘lieqiie. Ail'. L. Hull }lili'«*n . ( iieque. Air. aiul Alts. W . HuteliiiU'on •. Fish kidi- and i’orks.


cu.sliioii.


Mr. ami Airs. Harold Iva les; lkM»k<-ase. M.rs. H. .1. Marslaml: Pyrex dish and si.e-r


.Mi.si. 'IVlIlKlllL. CiiOtlU... \lis. .kMvmiali Gariirn.: D..ss<irt .scrvia .


picture. Clleqlie.


I CLITHEROE IM THE SEVENTEENTH’? ! I


C EN TU R Y .-X IX .


bfi K


------------ ----------------->—• • • —«------------ ----------------- By W M . SELF W E E K S , F .S .A . (Town Clerk of Clithoroo). |


j j i Lfi


iliatl .^oarci.dy ari.MMi in many trades in Clitlicroe in tin* ITtli century. In R»5() we lind tlio W*arilen>, when repaim wore reqiiircMl to the Cliurcli. paying for a lUuinber’s frame, purclia.sing a •* crouis *’ for melting lead, sending to Wdiallcy for sand, and u» (Ji.sbnrn foi* leail^ pim-lnu-'Uig wtwwl, hair, ainl slau*, and Inlying iniil.s and steeple door locks. On llii.s. :ind oilier occasions, in.steml of si.*mling for a traikxsnian—a iinuster builder, plumlier, or slater, ami employing him l4> carry i>nt tbo re[)airs. and leaiing him to jn'ovide tlie work- mon ami all llie neec.-vsary nnitcrials. the Whirdens tlieniselves usually bought the materials roiiuircd. 6nixn;inteiided the execution o f tiie work, ami paiil tin* workmen for their lahour. 30vi*n wliei; they wanted new liell rope.s, iiu^tead o f buying tlu-in ready mad«*. they j>urcliasod hemp, ami paul some one Uf make it into rjipe.s. I'or example:—


'Idle aciNinnts o f tlie CThurcliwanleiis of Clithoroe show i-bat the capittili.Nt tradoinnan


IdllS. l.*d. it) .lohn Ashton for hemp Is. 8tl. IM. for making ihe tsiape.s ... JL. Gil. Sp. w!n*ii they roapes w;is |)iit It) y<‘ bells ............................. D. (Hi.


IGP'.b iM. f«M‘ 2 sitnie hcinp with carriage fivm A'l ik ............


od.


Pd. .lack Dodd for inaldng l>ell loops eaci: 'J't long S>.. at .same time spent P2d. ... its. Oil.


I’erhap.s .'•oine slight indit.-auoii of iln*


j'chilive trading activity of Cditlieroc :ind tin* neighbouring towns can In* gallieri.’il from tin*


number of tradesmen issuing trade tokens in tlio lattiT lialf of tin* I7ili centuiw, d’lioiv were tlie following 6 i.ssnoi-s o f such tokens in Clitherm* with tlio ilovicos thejc*on :i.s men­ tioned I>e!ow:—


Ariliur Ashton—deviie: a roll of tobacco and 2 i)ii>es crtissed.


iloln.*rt Talbot—device: A i:ilbot passant, .lohn 'J'ownley—device: the J)rapers Amis.


town and neiglilK)urhoo<l as a byc-imlnstry, but hy. at any rate, the latter pan o f tin- ; I “ til C4.*ntury it iiail evidently ijeen adopteil ‘ by .M*vcr:il a.s tbeir principal, if not .*iole moaii'. of livtdiliootl.


'riu*ro occur in IGGG


Xieliolas Dngilall, .Innr.. laniiig W'cb>l'r. in idp.j 'llionia.' .\Lrivi-. iaiieii ^\■ci^^u^. P.iii- gess; in 17Uo (Jcoigc* .'Miiith. Weaver, Ricliar<l Welister. M*rg«* W'cavor. 'riiuinao Page. Lini*n i Weaver; in Iroii .lohn Page, W'oavor, T'lionias i Nowell. Linen W'<*aver. .'■iiepheii Cdvcriey, ! Wollon We.'ucr. Richanl WiUoii, WT'avcr; in 1707 Roger Leigh. Linen Weavtir; and in 1712 Christopher Rann*.s. S« rgi* Wea\er, Spinning of iLax :dso s<‘<*ni.s »o liavo been somewhat. exten.sivel\ p::i(*i:sed :ts a bye-


imlnstry. In a lett«*i dale .luiinaiw. lGlM/5. (Kenion AISS.) from .lohn Ai-;=.heioii. then In-13:iili(r of CliLlierm*. to Roger Ke:iion. cm* of tlio AW’inhers cl Ib.rkameni for the Bf»rongh, he .'ays:—


“ 'The i>oor ol l l o o jKirts ouv'tly


employ the winter in .spinning llaxen yarn, and lormerly made a^lvanlage thereof: wiiuii foreigner.s .'oiiig have niub*rmiiied


U'. Inlying the best ol llax and »*niploying their own iK)or t<» spin ahoiit llanihorow [iJaniburg] etc., wln*re thov live cheap,


and send us the yam wlijcli wi* must tdtlier take at their raie*.. or 1h- (snitent


with the wonst sort of llax, little cIm* now eoniing, by which mean.' our p(M>r coinplain ilu*y eaiinot get lor lln-ir yarn u'liat. tin* • Max eo'-l, :ind inii.st either turn beggais, or work to no purpose. :ind .so the poor are rnlm*<l ami tin* lK*uer .sort sore layne 1 upon to relieve them, which might be j rcmi’died wei'i? a smart <luty (ilie quantum wo <iar<* not pi»*seribe) laid on foreign \am, and to jn‘oiiioi«* ibis is our ieqm>t. 11 iiK*<*L.s h**ro with gem*ral


ippiaibation that wo cannot find any iii- •oiivenicmy. jmlilii* or private. lo object


;,lu.*ix*t-o.”


.'riK' foilouing t*xiract.' tioin the ('ouri rei'oriis jimk.aie some activity witit regard to this |imb.stry.


•(’oin-i of !nqiiir\. llhli .Imie. IGT). Orib-r I tliat .lohn Nowell, of Clmtlmrn, “ sliall !nt onely liave liberiio to buy yanu* ii» I’lis towne lor tin* \ij<l. In* pavi‘.s yearly.


Court of Inquiry. 17ili .lanuary. IGl'.f.M). Ordered that Tile room in Hu* .Moot Hall wherein meal wa.s n.sualiy .*<old should he l;ej)L eU*an ami


• singelinge " or ilrcssing ol llax •dionlil le Used ill it.


lit ami that im Pie.senlm. nt.s as foUoW'; -


.Conit lat i. Mb April, l(i*:;d. The wile ol Alexander Alen.er and Ann ye Daughter*: o: C.eorge Sclater for •


y.j l»w e r well.’ ' Amerced Gd. each.


Conn l.**et, 2r)th Ocu.ber. 1G‘»'.*- Alary IXckin.'-oii for wasliing** of yarm* in the h-aUl well la iiige a grealc Anoyance U> fieir Alaje.sties laige pe-ojile,” .\im*recd


Gi.


.l-nat Howeroft Alee licigii both of this U'Wne for waijhingc of yarnc in ila* lieald m.-IL boinge Anoyaiae to tlmir Alaii<*.*> L igll i>eop!e. Am^-ri« d 6d. eacli.


Ali.s, R. .M. I ioi 'l.ili : Kinbroid' i erl linen t i , < lotii.


Airs. UiMJWO (Wmld'iigioo) : W»*dgwm>d Ji'i jar.


■seH*m Uial the Clitheioe Cliunh Waule.iis coiUd not alwa.v.s get t)i.*ir rci>;urs dom* in tile t iwn I’oj' in UiGO iii>-y paid \ arlcy. ol 'I'wi.slin. lor mending il;*- bell elapjKMs and in Ibd they .*'peiit 2.s. Gd. at Watidinglon when the bell <-lapiK*r.-> were mended, and they piid Gs. for the gr«*a; boll clapi»er mend­ ing a, Downhum.


.All at Sliirt.djiirn Lod::e ; Fish slice and loi. Miss IL Hanson: Pau thina vas<\s/ Airs, Rnilock : Ghiw ing ami tumblcr». Aitv;. Taylor; Ink not. Aliss .Nancy CIrainger I'fea napkins. Nurse (,)nai'U*i main: Glass bowl and jug. Airs. W'ainiesley: Anti<iui> china mug. Rev. R.. .Maitland Heiider.son: Cheque. Aim. .1. X. liarnet l: Handbag. Alark. i*cgg>, .Itkscpliiiu! and Dtdsirah CixqK; Hot water bottles.


wine vas purchased at Whallcy. A.s 1) wages, it appears from an action m


t.ho ioroti{^i Court licit tin* wagers <»1 a hcrvan. in liushandry in Cluheroe in IG.jU and 16il were -Ul. a day with im*at ami drink. Ami fimi tho Wai(loii.s’ Accounts we lind in lo7.5 aul IGPG the, wag'-s i«iid to ALusqn.s and C'arpene.rs wer«? Is.


Air. and Airs. Knight: Cut gla-s^ celery bo>, saiad howl ami cut gla.ss jug.


f Live already pointed out Unit tlieie was appa;.*ntlv no slater at CHiherot^ and ii would


• waMiing yarn in


at Gaigrave; I al Gisbiirn; 1 at Long Preston; I (imlnding the Company ol Grocer.'^ iit S<*ltlc: o at Skipton ; 1 at Rlack- b n n i : 1 at. Rurnicy : I at Colne; ami 2 at JJjusIingden. WVaving was certainly pructiM'd in the


Tlioiuius Cuttler—device ; a swoni J'idimmd Robuuion—de\ n*.i*: the Givk ers Anns,


2 ’rratlesnien issinii iokt*iis at WbalU’y ; 1 |


W'omi 8 tlay.s and a half 7s. Id,, tluit is at tho rate of Khl. iK'r «lav. They a bo p.iid for walling 40 yards o f wall


IKirfc o f the 17ih oeniury ilie wages for skilletl workmen wore Is. pei* <l:iy jnid for ordinary labour llkl. per da\, In IGGS, IGSO ami 1GS7 the wine. piu‘- elia.sed l»y the Clitherm.* Churchwardens, for


the Jloly 0)mmunion was Ls. j>er <iuart. In IG99 it was Is. Sil. i)er <piart. It must he n.*eollc<-le<l that in tiio 17th


century there wore no counti’y Imnks so tliat per.sons w'Jio hud to i>:iy inonoy at a distanw. could not remit it by cheque, or bank <lrafl. but liad to ho at tile trouble and expense of malting a jonrney to pay it. or else liad to pay some one to Uike it for them, Tliis is illustratetl hy the following extracts from the Constable’ s Atcoimis for IG8o:—•


.Iniie .*) payd to Hi*n. \'caU*.> fur takoinge ye .'■^ouliliem pay lo Maiiclic.ste.r Is. Gd.


diuio 9 for goeing to C'linhie wiili .Soiildi«*r.s pay Is,


done 13 for goeing lo Couhie with ye MiMiea money 1.'-.


It may also he illn.s'iiatcd from the C.'hnrch- ivardons' Accounts


IGGS. Ihiid in (Iiargi-s for c.:imt*jngt* ye collection money yt. wju' gallieiixl for ye pom*o of l.omlou t/<i y<* High Constable Is.


1G78. IM. \\’ illiani Wood com**iiig yi* immey lo t ’iiestor foi' ye Building of l*onI«s 3s,


IGSG. Jhiiil to Air. B.inkcs lor sending y«^ ffroiicli I*rou*'t.iiit.s monc\- to CTic'U.*r 2s. tid.


TRADK MOXOl*ULY. Tliu Aluiiicipal Amhoriiie.' in ino.st »>f ihe


ancioiit Boroughs llut»nghoui the conntiy were vei\ aetive in contimng trading in their town to those who had acoinred the exclu.sive right to ciury on a irade therein. This right wa.s, iiowewr. rclax<*il at fairs, to wliicli trailers from all parts of the coiinti-y were


entitled to resort with their gomls witliouL lot or himlranee. This a^kkxl )-onsith*rably to the importance of fair.s. as purchxis<.*r.s thereby got a greater clioirt* of goinls and had the hem-lit of gi'LxUcr com|>ct.ition :unong the t.ra(U*r.s. 4 lu* right i4» c .in y on :i tratl** in a buioiigli dep4*mli-d on tho local cu.sloin.' and regulation.'. In Chihoroe tlu^ ml)* is j>erliai>.'' best expre.'.*'0d in a regulation o f the C’onrt u) Inquiry, of lG.‘>I/2. which i.' a.s follow.s:- -


** \\'4*«* 4»rd«*r and agix«* tliai ihk> p*tx.m or )i'.s«in.s u ha tsoonr. .shall vso trado or deale in any trmle mistorie (X?cnpac*on or crafte wlliin this Corpomcoh who liave not .served :us an .'iprculise seaven ycare.s wthin thie Corpoia<v*ii wt.li a llre^Miian o f the same trade K.stepi \pon tin* market <lay<*.s wtliiu tile open niarkott ,\ml not otlmr-


W’ itli Uii.s :idtliiion that any |>erson wlio liad


not .'er\'«sl sm h an apprentiec.ship could ohl.'iin tin* right. t4» iiaik* hy csimpoundiiig with tile Boroiigli amhoriues am! p:iying the price ilcniambai hy liu*m for the privilege, 'The fixing 4)f an ajipis-niicc'hip of s«*von y«*;»i>; wa.s no doubt due to tin* .8t.n, .I I'ilizabetli. laji -J. section 31. whii h i*narle4l that, it should not he hiwfnl lo aiu' p4.*rMm to ih-** or c.xorci.s<* ;iny art. niy.'i«*ry, or inaiumi otlmiuUon lilicn U'ed . «ir occnpir«L in 1‘higland or W’alc.s e.xci'pt lie hatl iKeii appr4*nti«<*<l thereto se\a*n years at ilie Ic:ist. Tlie foll*)wing i ' a .s4*icciion of entric*s on


the Mibi»*cl :— ih«*'«*mim*iit alxiiii


lt>U’“ . “ W'c .ses Rie


N»»well to pay lor muling)* in the towne vjll.’ ’


C‘*Mii'L I.etu. 23i'd .\pril. 1G12. 'I'li*- .jury s:iy “ WVe I'viuie Aldc' l.oii'tlali free* for three


Court **1 Inquiry. Bull .lanmii-y. 1(520/1. Order.' :i.s 1‘ollow.'; - 'I’hat every one


iradiiig in the towiu* as well tlu*rs a- oLIk*!'.' ami not Iwing lias* shall pay yearly two .siiilhiig' si.\|M,nce to tin* Ballilfs or


tlu*ir ollic<-rs a.s hath lK*c.n atettstomed.” •‘ That e\.iy jieddliT or oUier irailsnian shall pay i Ik*i‘ siallage 4*very marki*t d;iy that i ' to 'ay a peiime ati a liiiu* or «*l.s agicvi will the towne as other such like im*n (bu'.’*


“ 'fhat the Serg.int .'hall not. taki* id' anii* Buicher :uiii« f»e but iince in tin* yeare altbongii thc>' coim* nem r .sim* iiften in ye AL’ kci iMarlcetj in jwiyne of xx.s. f«»r i'u’ ie «»ll'i*nci*. and lieo to gatlu.T and taia^ the ''iiim* alt any tynus of tlu* Vi*:iri‘ acci>rtling«* as t.!ie .'atm* luuth biuu- luiv- tofoix* iaccitsloiiieil].”


Court las't, 23rd ()<-tolK*r. 1G23. Tlu* .Inry SJiy “ Wei* ordej* and agree tliai. all tlu* tradc.stm*n welt are onlmeii slnill follow t!i(-*ir traiUs wthin Ciitbi.*row ami but paye for iMie yi*are.' rerjt ij-s, vjd. a.s it liailli be<‘ne aforetynie."


Court of Inquiry. 8lli February, 1G27/8. i t was ord-red that noo oiiteman att atile tyme lieiv;dler .shall vse or exercysc anie more I raids or liaiuiiccr.ift thou one wthin tliis towne vnle.s iiee lir.st com|K)und and agree wth tlu* 'fowiie bn* cii’ ii* seu’all trait! i»r <*rafie and they gme him autlioritli* for the .same vj>«>n paim.* «)i' ix l i ."


“ Tliac J’alw.utl Waide shall liam* libtie to v.'ij tho irnidu o f a liusii*r wthin this 'fowne and shall paye yearly u> the towne i js ."


In 1G09 the .sacrament


And the dniy laid a jiaine that “ noe pVone or p’ soii«vi .shall vse or oxerci.so anio trade or iiandiccraft wthin this towiic vnlcss l)cforo Jii*o sett vj) liis triiiile or crafte lice compoumle wtli the Towne and they gone them lycenso to vse and exercyst* the iraiil or crafte vpon paine of en’ io one offending lieivin i.\ l i ."


im*i d:iy, and in 1G1H» G<‘oigo l/onglicUl w^s p;iid Is. for a ilay’ .s


• wage.s(vheii the bells w'cro hung. From the Accoim of Richanl Dnt;dalb TVea.snror for 1G37/S.'vvc learn that LnKo Grrciio am) J{og<*r


Air. H. ami Air. F. Knight: Silver tcu spool Air. ami Mrs. L, King-Wilkinson : Chcfino. Air. and Airs. Frank Garnett: Cnt-ghins bov. Air. and Airs. N. J. 13ryoo-Sinitli; Tea cosy Aiiiss S. Parker: Tea cosy.


Air. and Afra. W*. CL Garnett: Alnmiiuui pans.


;


Air. and Alr.s. A. A. Portor-HargrcavC: Silver tea knives^


Alb« K. and ATiks J3. Garnett: Glass salt cello, Aliss 13. Horsfall: Oak tray.


^ g ' I,


Dr. ami Airs. Adams: Cut-glass bowl.^ Nurso Smart: 13ook murker.


•Drivel* .s'oro paid for S days tluchingo at Hie Abre ” -Is. 8d. Tint is apparently 7<L ]H>r ilaj. ami there wa.s paid “ Alore to Luke Orc'enofor G day.s ditc|inigc at Hie. Aloro "


4s. Tlht


Riclisu«5 W'ootl “ fou getting Stones one day In


is Sd. per day. the 33ailiir.


.ill Saltkll for ye new ditch stile on ye mores |


lilLs pailaid Ben J3oulckok and


10d., iyul at'Uic same time they \ y M to Molm 7tlton for 5 days ;ib lOd. i>or day “ for 'getting|itoiK*s in SmiUulI for yo jimfould and rnrni>or.f They paid Jolm frcildcii for ix*pair )f Slniybridgo ruin|>er 0 days and :i half nt iH'r luy 9s. Gd., and lo his man WML


Court. l,/<ct, 22ml Ajiril, 1G28. i t was


i>rdere<l “ tliai ikk* townsman .shall sell ciiy wears lAvaixxsj lK*longing to eny strangeii) or stalonger cxce])t tlio coni and gree witho the 4’owiio for tlio market dayo in paine of ix l i ."


[llowitsijii in libs “ Rreslon Court Tahm


Rccoj’ds " speaking o f that town, stiys: “ Slnlleiigors seem to liavo been, a.s a rule, non-burgi.s.st*.s wlio luul to ])uy a coiTain sum for tlio privilege o f trading in tho town on tbo Ktallago plan," and Air. C4o*inesJia, in lii.s introduction toAht? .stunc work, said " tliis word [stnllon^cdj which la to l>e mot with in tlio local history o f many iKirougbs, is gonerallv appH«l to Uio.se por.sous wlio were oomiiollod to pay for the pmnicgo of liaving a .stall ill tho market, a right whicli tho bur­ gesses pc.sM?ssed by rea.son of their slatus,


\ OB®a£SC5aw> * •**


at tlio pinfold at tho ilato o f IRI. a yard ami for lo4uiing stones for 2 <lay.s :it tlie raU' of 3s. a day, and they p;iid for a hor.se 1‘etching hits from ilibchester at the rate o f 8d. a journey, and for “ remaning rubigo ” in A.«;he<lean Delpli on Remlle for 3 tlay.s they paid al the tlal(* of lOd. j)cr il.'iy. It ajipoar.s from the aliovo that in the latter


but i t dooms fairly clear, so far at any rate aa Preston is concerned, Uiat tlio origiiml si^mfictmoo o f tho word had boon lost by thi.s time [tho 17th conturx*] ,nml tliat it wtus simply a general term for tlioso n’lio had obtained leave to live in tho town, and cxorciso some, but not all, tlio privilege of froomon."]


At tho stimo Court tho Jury found “ a paino brocken by John JonLnge.s for traydingo in tlin towne without sati.sfaction to tho towne and BalUffcs in i.x li " for which he Villa amerced Gd. and tlioy ordered “ That John Joniiiges .shall Irayd noo more in tho lowiio till litMi Jianc giiio stitisfaction to tho Towne and the Treadsmon o f the .sain ocnpalion in tho same towne in paine of ix li.


(To be continued.)


EDITOR’S POST-BAG. AM ERIC A AND PROHIBITION.


Sir,—Vour cone.spomlcnL, “ I’ rohihitioiiist,"


iliinks tliat I rogjinl Air. W’ iLson Stuart’s viowtj a.s prejudiced. It will not In* denied that Sir. Stuart went to America as a I’ roliibitioiiist, and that when thoro he would Imj in touch with Proliibitionists who would quito iiatin-ally show liim tlu*ir side.


.1 pre­


fer U» biuso iny opinion i>f Prohibifion, on the recorded opinions of prominent .Americans, ami on tlio ollicial ro]>orLs dealing witli tiie romiition of th.at country. On tlitvse I based :ny former letter. Tho laii* J*resi<lenL Hard­ ing .stilted tliat tho condition o f tlie country ill r(^jMcL of Prohibition was u*rrlble: tho SuliciUir-Gencral o f tho Uniteil Suites baiJ rocordo<l a li’cmendous inercaie in crijiic: Air. R. IL Corradiiii. o f the Aiiti-Saluoh leugm*. prepareii statistic.s for tho 2-1 larger


cities in X'ew York State, every ono o f which showoil an iiien*asi* in the numlM*r *jf arrests for <lrlUlkcnnes^ in 1921. as conipaii-d with 1920. and in iiianv ra.-i's a great increa.se over i918. Other liguies .showing an increase in Rrolubitii»n yuar.s, rcacimig .such a ix)iiit that the ri*ci*nt ivcord i> even wor.s.* th.au the pro- Rroliihilion record, could he (|Uote<i; hut I tru.'t tlnit I have written onongh to show ViMir rejuh*rs that I am not making nnfonmiod sia lemcni.s.


.*il. I/i*acli-stie«.t. Rollon. Deei*mhcr 28ih. 1923.


— A PLEA FOR REASON. .Sir.— Alm*h i»f “ NTgilaiit’.s " i-ommentary


ill your i.s.sm* of Fiiday la.si on the attitude o f .''Sociali.sis towards Lih« rals Ls irrelevant to tlic 'iiliioet undi'i* discu.ssion. IbT.sonal in­ vective is the theme i)f his di.scourse_, ami ciinlains inncli of iliat evil spirit which it wjus sought, to exjKiso and enwlicale.


'J’iie


irrelevant inatiiT is iiieri*fi)iv igiioreil. TiieiX) is not the slightest m.*<*<i for


iibligations Un* money pa\meiils. ix*pudiate.s 1 I10.S


0 obiigationt'. W’ liaicver may bo said for


wiso vihiii payne «il i*\ery monlli .'0<* irailcinge x li.”


or against imlivitliuil ownei*siiii» o f proix*rty, that Ls money or money’ s worth, no iustificu- tion can ever Ikj substitiiteM for ohlig:ttioiu> underuiken. It i.s the ilischarge o f obliga­ tion. ainl ihe tH.*rf<»rnianee iif duty, that Ufi.s the Ibiglisli character as an example to tho world. .No g'.snl purpose is served by in*\vhpaiK*r iU u\'|>om!<*nt.s reviling each otbiT, but L


.should never liojK) to convinco sucli a convs- |)ondeni. as \ igilant " again.st his pre- urdaiiKHl will. It i.s with all re.speet that I say if he were the only reader o f your journal J .sliould never write again. Aly object i.s lo tiraw out ihe tlmughts of your numerous readors. lH*Iieving. that in fre<*dom of thought ami tin ixxpression tlier«.*of. in every liepartmeni ol hnimui activity, salvation will Iks found. .Not all tho people all the time are ii>ol«l. I should like “ N'igilani " to realLso that


average sympaiJiv' for ex-Servic*r men i.s (lually snre^ul amongst all classes. I make


no si>ecial plea for e\-Service men, bm liave I>er.sonally reiieved several ca.''i.*s. am! eon-


trilmted in money to the full extent of my


ability. “ \*igilaiiL ” mnsL not assume ih.at tlie


Socialist party jmis.sch.sc.s a monnjioly of tender n,*gard for its neighl>ours.


‘ ThinIvi*sL


thou, " N’ jgilan i." becau.se thou are virtuoiLs there are to Im* no more cal;e.s an’ ale!"’ Human lib* is a perpi*tna! striiggii* against injnsiiee, adversity, untruth and niire;Uity, ami warfan* will never cea.se until the I'Uliiopian ehanges liLs skin, ainl the leopai'tl


liLs spots. All the efforts of groups to e.radicate evil jind to si*i*ure tlie “ RJght.s of Alan " :ire but attempts to steer tbo .ship of human life through the ever recurring cnrrenLs o f litim.an activity, and di.stnrhing currenbi will never cea.se until the race has run its course. The pro-sent i.s tho ‘ ‘ Ago of Roa.son," lint


tlion; i.s m*itlier’ .sense or reason in wdUniraw- ing ea|)ital from industry in one luihp sum.


It must not he forgotten that ;i!rea<Iy capital lias cimtribiiUnl lis.. os. ami 4.s, Gd. on every pound of income, subject to oerlain minor provLsions. :md tlu* larger iiicom(?t; (I'ompara- livoly few in mimher) ono half o f such in- cmiK\s. To tli'pli*te bn.sint*ss concerns of largi* conirilnition.*; of capit;il in one lump sum woulil only have ihe ell'ccfc of closing them up. and the hast condition of tiie worI;crs Would ho woi-se than tlie pro.'K*nl.


PHILO. 2.dh Dei-eniber, R-2.‘‘).


TH E LABOUR P A R T Y -M O D E R A T E OR E X TR EM E ?


.Sir,--Your Air. .Tamos lJargrcave.s’>, viiur


" Vigilants " and all the r<\st o f them, whom you rightly cla.ssify with the extremists, must he iinmen.soly intore.sU!<l to rc;ul the letter which ap])eaml in tho (Inily pm's^ from Air. L. P. .Jacks, Principal of Ahincho.stor College, Oxford. Bri<*flv, AIF. .lacks wLshes lo know'— and suggests tliat the pre.sent is the time to clear tlie matter up oiux* and for all—how far meml>orship o f tlie I.abour party involvv's accoptanco of tho .Socialifit, crcod in the Alarxiaii .sense. Can a i>oi'son wlio is not a l)rofc.s,se<l .Sociali.sl be rocogni.scd a.s a Labourite? Only ono answer can bo given by Iciulors o f tho ty|>o o f Air. Rainiwiy AlaeDonaUl, Air. .1. H. Tiiomna, Air. Pliilip Snowden or Afr. .). R. Clyncrt; and only ono answer will l»e given by tlio “ Vigilant-s " and their like. But, 1 venture to suggc.st, tho .atiswers •will Ik* difTercni. W’ ith their licads in tlio cloud/i tho Extremists will innko iu> compromise— nothing but comintintsiii w*ill nlea-so tliom. Tho inoro sano and pnictical leatlore o f Labour will l>o willing to join hands with tho iiitor- inediuto.s, who.<>o ideals arc none Uio loss lofty, hut whoso ptnciical mimU recogni5«i vrhat i.n poasihlo uiid what is not poasihlo


most o f ns have suffered grievously at Hio liamLs of our German “ comrades," juid many of us have frietnls who gave llieir lives that iliose of us who ar<« left might live.


'I'lio


*■ A’ igilant " to gi) into iiysleric.T^ iiver the ( ’ajiital Levy pri»|io.sal, wliieh he has doiu*. Tin* rigliis :iml <lnties of both tin* ** Haves " and tin* ** Have iniUs " will no iiouht he adjnsU'il in dm* time. They will not ho idiiLsted ii


A. W'KSTON.


except by creating a chaos which will bo bad for ovorybody, including tlie Extromiats. Tlio position, howovor, illustrates what you, Sir,


auggo.sted host week in your reply " to Air. Hargreaves—tho great gulf which separates the " Vigilants " from tlio Thomases o f tho Labour iiarty. Tho lialiour piirty Ls fond of


Jack.s points out a iKmillel phononionon in the religions world. Alany who boHin'e in tlie ethical ideals o f Christianity are unable to aecejit the ollicial cree<ls of the churches and, in con.scinioneo. lind thoniselvcs ex­ cluded from their followsiiips. AVill Labour set lip .similar ortlnuloxy in its own Hold? I v'ontUTO to think it will not. Only at a cimi- parative ri*eent date. l.alK)ur Juts hro:i(lenod its platform to ailmil tlm brain as well as tho nianiuil worker.


It was a great con-


co.ssiun. wliich wa.s received in a .somewhat iuko-wanii manner in strict trade union circleH, but nevoi tliclc.'S it was .a milestone


on tlio way. 'I'lie-ro can lie no turning hack. If Air. Ramsay AlacDonald jussnnus olHce thi.s month, a.s well lie ni.iy, he will iiorninato for ctnTain positions—c‘.s;>4X;ially tlio legal “ plunts " —men wIm. h:iv<» some dtstance to go bcfoixi they accept tlio Alaj.xian creed. .Many “ liigli-brtiws " liavo joined the Labour p.arty Ixtean.so tlicy know that the “ natiomjli.'- ation i)f evorytliing ’ ’ is eomnarativo window dressing, tliat it- may lie put forward int») the dim and misty fnlnre .sulHeiently lo allow tinm to jirove whetlier nationalisation i.s a remedy for all iUir ills o r merely ;i blind alley. In other woials. the mitioualisa- tiim i)f till* mines ami railways, wliirli few jK'oplo .siTiously ohjert t^), will eventually mako it ts'usier bi natiiinalise some other tilings or will jiui nationali.sjiiion out of oiinrt for evi*r. Air. AlacDonald ha.s a wide variety of foris^*i :it Iii> command, and ono wing i>r anotJier will be disappointed. I t will surely Ik.* tlu* wing from Ghisgow (i>liLs a sin.all coterie of CliUioroi* \'igilanl.s whi('Ii is .so sclf-oK^\-'St*d as to inuigiiu* tliat the country lias given a Vi-rdict for Socialism. On tlie contrary it has given .'t voi-ilict ovi'iavliolin- ingly agaiu-st Sociali.sin and no one knows this lh*tU*r than Air. Rainsay AlacDonald. r might have cjUTicil l.he subject further.


Imt T am :ifraiil I have t^espa.^s^'<^ grievously on yt)iir space tiy what 1 .have ,alix*ady written. Periiap.s 1 hav* said snnioiont ii» c;ium* the ‘ * N


’^igilants’ ’ of Cliih<*r<w.^ furion.sly to think. LABOFR SYMPATHISKR.


~£-3(-2**—


MR. H ARGR E A V E S 'S REJOINDER. .Sir,--.Vll i*x-.S<Tviii* im-n who had the


ilie .Stale, liaving i'litered into


privilege o) coining in contact with tlie Indian Kxpcihlioiiary I’oree ti> I'rance will ri*monil>er what .s])leiKliiI l»*llows, wh;it gallant soldier.*> tlioy proved thtiiiselvos to l>e. W’hal is not so geiuTally known Ls the fact that both the Indian and I3riiish Governments made the most JavLsh and oxjilicit promi.ses to all Indi.ons who would liglit tho liattle of right ugaimst wrong, who would ksive India and come to FuroTK* to light for the great prin- <*iple of solf-uei«*rmination of imtiiins IkhJi small and large. After the war all these •• scru|)s o f pa|K*r " are lon i to slireds In very much the .same nuannor as tlio ])romise*s made to the pi*i>ph* of this country. 'riiat i.s the kiiul iif British in.slitution that


that many i>i*opIe in Britain ari* uj» ag:iMut; hut also determined to ov(*rihniw? Alany {leoplo. if not mo.st. are sick to death, are disgiLsted ln.*yond measure, al the way tlie nati«m:il Gag. the ffnioii Jack, is nu*taphori<*- ally Mailed through tho mire of political and cciinomic oppre.'simi. Alany i>eoplo :ire detor- minoti to nuiko the national Gag a symbol of justico and a s<|Uarodeal: ami that it .sliall not float o\x'r «me nation or nice in iiny part o f the world where it is not wanted; where it i.s not welcome. These amusing and .stupid Iniporialist.' apparimtly cninnot niidorstanii whj' the snbje<*t r;ices of the Briti.sh Kmpire fail U) appri*ciale tin* lilc.s.sing.s o f BrliLsh rule in the way that they ought to do. It never .seems to occur to thoM* li:ire-hraine<l flag waggers tluit howexer virtuous :iml disin- icix*sle<l inir i*n!e may Ik*, that after all they prefer to rule theni.'‘Clve.s. That they pn*fcr to go to hell in their own way rather tlian to lle.aveii in tho way o f tho smug, .'olf- riglit<*on.s. eom'eiled, and arrogant Britisli


im])criaILsl. '.Iho Indian Wini’ i pay a .*%;ilt Uix at tho


bclie.st of the Vir<*roy ipiietly; particularly when lie kiiow.s that liis repro.sontative in tho Jndiaii As.'ombly voUhI ag;iinst it. Tlio Britisher i.s entitled to ho somewhat sceptical of the whitowash-brnsh wlicn ho is aware of tho fal<* o f Air. Horniman. Are you aware.' Sir, of this celebrati’d ca.so? If so. von ouglit


to have a fellow-feeling for a ciilleague of tho pen. Why wa.s Air. Horniman tleportetl from India? Hero we have a jicrfectly .scandalous casi*. whore :i white man in very .'i‘iis*) o f the term, an editor of an


Anglo-lmliaii m*wspa|>er. w:is snhjecu'tl to the indignity of being deporUxl from India be- eau.se iii.s miml revolte<l against the cruelty and oppression ulucli lie oh.'Crvetl on every hand. A.s for the largo mass o f Iiulians lioing illiterate aiul unfit for Swaraj." that in itself is the most fitriking condemnation of British rule .seeing that it is quite a long lime since tho d.ays of WaiTon Ha.stings.


J. MARGRKAVE.S. [Ye.s. I am familiar with tho Moniiinaii


Government at liome, had enough “ on their plate " with tho Great W'^ni;; it would hnvo boon fatal wenkuotts ou their part to permit a misguided Engli.sliinau to iimpiix} a rising in their own dom.ain. Mr. Hargreaves, diampion o f lost catisc-s, probably roads extremist litoratufb*. over lioro; lio will find nothing comparable in violence to the " s tu f f" Afr. Horiiinian was -wTiting at tho lime the Governor of Bomhav (Sir' George Llovd) intert'cncd. —C.L.j


(a.so. 1 read Air. Ilorniinan’.s pai>or regularly before, and for some time after, hi* wa.'i dcportotl—I tvonder whether Air. Hargreaves over read a line of it. seeing he mis-tlesci’ibes it, and. if not, wliether he i.s ill a position to judge as tii tlic rights or wrong.s of his deportation. Air. Iioriiiinaii Sufl'ercd from tho iKililical kink of violent e:xaggorution o f admittcxl, hut not iinmedialely roiiKxlial evils, and his language was such that a breach o f the l)caco wa.s inovitahlo if ho were allowed to continuo Ins disparagemonts and dommeia- tions. In .sliort, ho was more fiuiatical tliaii eitlier Gandhi or tho Ali brothers. Tho Initor nUimntely landetl thoinsolvos ill gaol; it wa.s con.sidorod more digniGod to send the Englishman home. At that tiino the Governmont o f India, and the Provincial Governors,


like our own


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: : TH E GAR OF TH E MOMENT : :


fond of quoting, will probably .sindng up from the Ominuinisirt when they fiml that, after all. Air. Ramsay AlacDonald i.s no Lk)! and ha.s no intention o f retliicing. tlu.s great country, with all it sUinds for in nuulern civ'ilisition. to tho chiios to which tlio Boishevilca reduced Russia. To roturn to tho origin.al [Kiint. Air.


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