* *■ * • 'k:. R ,


Art and National Life.


liiU'dy uinniiils l.s T]):in‘ t)n'; bo<lH or js iisoiful (diis.s of .st'od.


|Ih‘ u.sunlly smv'n ■ (o woi-k llm tsoL], '1. (‘sp o c ii l l ly i f


jiiu;- ;1 ” uod box Iliitf and I'rimson. \m (ynapdrag'on) Ir f si. rain is niucli Idso o f coTVOTrsis Tin host, yollow liave— and intor- |•t ed short ly i.lios<i | inp tho oomiup


scai'let. fioweivd


litally fi-oin stxxi. [will flowor i-hi.s of p<'id.siomon


liino -n-ay.


|r clu7iii)s of tho. ihrso (lie St.


|c— also some A. B'illei TIk* Brido, lowering- .sociion; Iks honco will bo |rdinary or largo


ling’s of t'uch.sine, vorbonas, and


)EN.


Inmn-sown cauli- lir the pkinls havo leod of any good |peut.l<‘, liot.bod, or liouso, will ulford hearts almo.st an |if t hey a.ro kept


I'ow a box or two It frame or green- Iriug tJie bed.s in- It, sowing in tho


early soum pea«


luly ill rough the n lightly, and pro- jl winds by means |r.s stuck in along- and with black lime or .soot as


lid .slugs. of tho soil per-


Itind benns in the ■rills, but chiefly I I f Ihis cannot j'ih'. ]K)ts may be lozen soe<I.s (peiis)


Jinder g-la.ss, anti lien din. to 6'in.


ftints should be lietiletl hou.se as


I' 1>(> transferred |> fruit. These Ipe of loti my .soil Ilf ti rtii.sed sitig- ]v .sirueturi.", fac- lay st ill be sown. I(’ucuinberri, and


|try. Ibo .so-wn now, in


|i.


SECOND GILCHRIST LECTURE. Tho Public Hall wtis again well fiUed


on WeduLVsday ovouing’ for the second,of tho soi’ios of Gilchrist lecturer. Coun. ,W. GarueU, J.P., presided and hrielly introduced tho lecturer, Mr. S. C. Kiiines Smith, Al.A., who lectured on •‘Artaud National Lite, Ancient and Modern.” Tlio k-eturor hrst explainixl the title


of. tho lecture, admitting the necessity and decliu-iug ho had been iisked time after lime what on Oiii-th had art, to do with national life. Art might not have so much to do with national life, but national life had everything, to do wit h art. An artist was not. wlial. he often made himself out to tie, a per.spn .stand­


ing apart from'lii.s timo.s.. He was not ah inspired genius who was tlie only person in t he comiiumity who knew wlial. be was about. The ideas ho had to ex- pi'e's.s wore those of the people around him and of 'himself only because he., was one of the people. An artist whose work lived, whosi- work wa.s cai-i-ied on after him, for generations, was tlie artist who expre-ssod exactly what was felt by himself and lliose. around him. Tho idea some hold was the more nniu- telligiblo an aiti.st was, tho more arti-stic ho wa.s. vSomo artists held that, i|ueer nbtiou, helieving that if only five other people could umioi’.staud what, the work theant, and that only after Laving it minutely explained, meant that tiiey were reallj' artisi.s. As a matter of fact, tho mail who really was au-artist-wa.s the - man who could put into forni, whether it bo of woi-tl.s, or of colour, or of shape—whether by literature paint­ ing' or sculptuie, or by the sound of things, by music— put into a,.form jieople could undei-stand, thio .things whic-'h peoplo havo already Ihouglit. The artist had a work which everybody would-come, sooner or later, to love and uuilei-stund, becauso it. ex])resscd some­ thing whicli was in themselves. That was why an-artist mu.M. be a man lyith, and not apart from, men. An artist


>1 was really notliiug- more Uiau an illu.s- trater of tho times—the man who handed down to people to eomo a.ftcr, something that could i'e un(lei’.st<iod, something whichdiad a human uieaiijiig, of tho tilings happoumg in his own times. The remarkable thing about history ivas that, it uevor .stopped, and it ahvay.s was a matter of human,beings, whetber it be eoiicei-neil with a iK'i-iod tea thousand years ago or, wdth the pi-esent day. Alan was -appi-oxuaately the same .sliape, and he had the- .same world to look- out. on. Therefore what a man did ten thousand years ago had a meaning to human beings now-, and laid a right and a reason to be understood to-day. AA’ liat was more, a nation, a group of peojile gatliea-ed together in one country, belonging to one condition, baving t-ho same liistoi-y, the same aueo.stor.s to a very largo extent, and having a common ideal, and whosi' people looked out in thei s-ame way, whicli wns !v luiiioniil j>oini oi a a right to be illu.stnited and understood in future eenturios. AVliat was tbeir


]H)int of view with regard to treaties, with rcgai-d to tlio.se doeumeiits some


]H-ople had ealleil ‘ ‘seTaixs of p.i]iei. They knew Britain looked iii.oii a proiiiiseil -word in a dillereiil way to otlier peoplo, with whom they-were not evael- Iv friends, and they knew- everyone in


' the nation was hacking them up ui tlieir attltede. That was a national point ot view, and the artist in Engl.ind whn ex­ pressed whether in words, or in im-..sic, or


p-iiiiting, or in seuipluie, ilia


|H.— Tho annual |r of St. John’s Ithe conductor’s ISatui-day in the rioj’e ^ras a fair |,s at ’wlii.st werti .. Morton, Miss


|l. B. liobin.sou, I d W i ll ’d .


!Mr. J.


1,-d for dillicing. J M7 -Is. J-On Sunday the iLawi’enci-; Dew- le deceased -went It, .apimrently in Jig- the night ho idle medical at- in .Sunday. A


lra.s of a f^nial years of age.


.tei’ied in Aodne.stlay. sons, for -whom,


felt. |tar u s e •


POULTRY mustard


>RE EGGS


\mt Book *' ^ appHoMilon to


R. a l u en ,


ir id stew o r th IHcrtB.


lORE FOOD! <


w'. sC n i There, did not appear to bo mncii art about it, said t he Icckiror- bu


if they granted tkat art hisit they could to expre.ss an 1 |ea , tki y


had to include tb<j impression of a gioat


behind it, of tho swasit and .1 .


had taken to put U.0.S0 f No art which was a great art, without a reason,


. work they meant a good Piec’ and similarly a ^®''htifiik ’ one which did its work w<^U. -


and goodness went hand in Ihev si>okc- about a.


heautifiil wa.- a thing purpose A\*ell. Tliey avouH


that their diely-the Stonolionge Avas a i^ark of b. enthusiasm of tho old


arranged bccauso tho Kogans Sieved iw.iitA'.


i,^Keved


‘ -1 xf A.-^ork


^


everywiiero if they clioso to l<m A man who did his best -whatesor


‘ -r • it


imuit of view would bo a national artist. I f an artist of to-day wished to receive public aeecptanoo be would not have to glorify the Kaiser over ihe sense of honour which brought Britain into the war. Tho art-ist niu.M .‘.xpi-ess a national Ideal and did not, they think pi-ople who came, after woi.ld be ab e in judge the nation by the uleal foi wlilih


l ‘n l t i s l was eontrolled p.artl.v 1-v tl>o


mind of the “ ‘‘ ‘ '"V ^ ^ iv hv th con- therefoi-e a part, uml I'ni^D by tlioimn


ditions winch brought that Its vision. I f it were not lor tlie .11 tists. for tiie men who could put things lU o


definite .shape, how followed Hnd out what


doing, made'beauty. ' History soomed such a dull thing to. many, -who asked what it mattered who the kings of Eng-- 1 and were. It did not-matter who they were, what mattered was what they irlil. It did not mattei’ -when Romans came biit it did matter that the' Romans who came laid tho • foundations of ci-vili.satioii followed in this country over since, 'riio building of tho Roman wall in tlie north of England repro-sented a phase in history. They could not do their best without leaving llieir mark on the country, and they could not do their worst without leaving a mark. 'riioy belonged to history as much as tho kings and the conquerors, and more so, lie- causo they were part of tho nation at. the back of the ideal. Passing lo Venice, Air. Koines Smith


^ H E T I M E S , F R I D A Y . was a diiiect outcome ' of the


epiflod^ of the sfmgglq between Eastern and Western idea'ls and'is a standing illustration of the nltimate connection between art and national life. Tho men of Athens did not appear on . the plain of Marathon for almost certain death and destiaiction, for the sake of buililiugs, but for tho sake of an ideal of liberty, for what they believed to be right. Tiioso beliefs were embodied iu the name of the goddess Athena. They built for good, tried to express good, and gave to the world beauty. Au artist, must not work for tlie sake, of art, but, inust_expre.ss in bis work au ideal, which must meau that art aud national life are one. Tho leelm-e was undoubtedly a fisc


said tliat lieautiful place was not built for eaiuiee. About ibree miles from the city was 11 small island bn wliieli ■stood a eluin-li. On that island eoii- turios ago, fugilives from tlie luaiuland took reJuge from savage' tribes which l-ioui’ed Uu’ougk the pinssages of the Alp.s. Those fugitives fought hard and long, i-eiu,siug to be beaten. They would not become sla.ves, tbeiy went into the muddy wate-iy rather than losb Iheii- liberty. And on the basis of the found­ ations of liberty \'euice was raised, ai-ound that ehiu’cli, where wiii-ei still io he seen the stone shutters used to defend tho ehui'ch against gbdlos.s,' heathens. Venice was beautiful because she had


something to expies,s from her heart, lluxHigh her ai-ckitects, builders, pain­ ters and sculptors... ‘ ‘Anil if we make our voices lieard among the nations of tho world, for right aiid liberty, wo can see l)alaee,s, seulpturesj paintings, risiug as uioniimeuts to that good and i-iglit ideal the nation po.ssesses.” Vork Aliuster was described ax one of


the greatest of Christian monuments in Gothic arohiteetiu'e,. of exquisite sim­ plicity and uttpr, .uncertainty.


Greek temples were lolie and square and tinislied; expressing tho comjdoto under­ standing of the Greeks of thir i-eligion. The Clu’i.sliau re-lig’iou was one of faith and the woudei-ful sense of movement, of. ola.stieity in Gothic arehitectuie testified, to the faith which did not u.sk for, proof because iu their hetirts they knew. The religion of Christ was the


religion of faitli and of promise, promise not yet and not here fulfilled, and that j)i'omi.se the builder symboli.sed in the wondrous eomjilexity, the exxiansive eharaeter of Clii'istiau monumonks. 'i’hey had Whatley Ahhey wliere a stand wa.s made for true religion. Not much re- maiued of it, ..just the mins, but iu it and in every Clu’istiaii monument they saw • not - only a monument of art, a mouumeiit of something done, but a symbol of .something- aeeo nplished tliat could not. havo been had not tli’e whole giHiat tide of national life hooii in favour of it,


- ... All'. Kaines Siiiilit prooieded fo


demoiusti-ate liow ai-t was also formed by climate. - To the variable weather tlio Englislimau owed his keen poreeptiou of colour. The ahvay.s varying light upon things gave tliem a diil'ereut charm every moment and their idea,s of beauty W e r e ail'eoted. ’I’liere was not a moment in the year they did not get colour. Thoj- saw colour, lived it, and this wa.s bound to be a nation of p.aiuters. 'They were-.uot interested in sculpture, they had -only to look at the .statues in the streets of Ijondon to realise that. ,, He once a.skcd ten Londonei-s wliat the four figures at.the foot of tlie statue,of Glad­ stone repre.sented. Eight had not noticed there were four figures, though they wore* life size,, one said luj sup- posi-il t.hey represented .iMigland, Scot­ land, Wales and Home Rule, a,ml Uio other said he tliought they were to kee]) the trafiie. olV Gladstone. (Laughter.) Uritislier.s Jic-vor saw statuary, lht\^ could not set,’, it. because the sunshine was not sti'ong enoiig’li to make it stand out. But ill the sbuthern countries they did not. know anything about colour, for colour had .simjily to .scream if it i\as t-o be beard talk. . The brilliant, siiii- sbiiie sliowed up the shai’pue.s.s ot tlie, outline of statuary, and its full,beauty


and sighiiieauco was realiswl., ,i5P h ‘ ‘painting' is the natural art of the uoi-tli


aud iSculpUue that of the south of Europe.” The natural art of the Greeks was sculpturo and tlieir sculpture lias


never been rivalled. . T h o lecturer gave a vivid word pietuie s - .


of tlie battle of Salami.s (nth century B C) wheii the men of Athens defenUst a huge ai-my of Poi-siaus, by thou- in­ domitable courage, springing iroin tlio belief ill an ideal; He i-ccouiitml ni an ahsorhing manner the story ol the gie.it stnie-e-le between Eastern and \\ eslein


of Athens, ami a.ter the '^‘hth ot Salamis. the restoration of it. Ihcxe ineideuts . make the penod one of the


idonlT iu the war, and told of i.


.most dramatic m the world.s ,bn,l( li , and ALr. Kaines Smith gave a vivid de.s- criptioii ami compelled attention, giving a clear, conception of the, signihcam e < the struggle. He followed, with .1 brilliant deseriptiou of the.great temple o f the-goddess Athena. . .He spoke of tho .wondrous, and , sfuiiendous natine of the decorations, pausing to


, I'y'bri.oa lu


building to which it..\iiis appln^-•. :prooeiKled.to.make clear the phartili, and


.applicability, the temp le , .stat|ng..that one


sonted. Hi.s description of tlie stat.mo of -VUieua was masterly, the glories of Hie work being maiiifc.st. The gi’cat


round--‘the builfling -wMl^out from tho


forms what “ TIMES” OFFICE ^ 'I'he


one aud the audience needed no second invitation to show its appreciation and thanks in the: most'hearty mannei-. Hetui'uing thanks,' Air. Kaines Smith


said he needed no thanks us he counted it a in-ivileg-e to he ahlo to .siieak foi- an hour or moi’iV wit bout iiiten-uption on a


subject ho loved. , Thb 2wccec<liug’s terminati’d by the singing of the National Anthem.


CL I 'l' H E RO E S lirPO RTS BLACKBHRN.


Clitheroo sui>poi-l.s Blackburn iu tlie


liigh opinion expressed by the follow­ ing resident of our neighbouring-t-bwu, Blackburn, for many of pur own loivns- peojilo havo told of similar oxi>ei’ieuce.s. On Heecmher lOtii, 1912, Air. T.


Porter, of 51, Granville Road, near tho Baiitist Cliiiroh, ' Blaekbui-n, said :— ‘ ‘ \Vhilst moving some furniture some years ago I tliink I strained my back, for afterwards I sulVered wit.h pains across tiui kidneys. Sometimes when I heiit down these pains wiiuld dart across my hack like tho .stab from a knife; I tiad a belt made in order lo strengthen my back. “ It Was bard’work for in<* to turn in


bed : I could got very little .sleep, and in the mornings I felt tired and weary and unfit for work. The water was sometimes unnatural. ‘ ‘Having' read about Dnan’.s baekaelie


kidney pills I tliought I would Irv them to .see if they would suit me. These jiill.s answered splendidlv and it did not take, long for them to drive the pains from my back, clear the water, and im­ prove my general liealth. ‘ ‘It l.s about five years now since I


first used Doan’s pills, and I always keo|> a. box in the lioii.se. I recommend them lo anyoiu: who suffers with Die kidneys. (Signed') T. Porter.” On January 30tli, 1911—^ver Iwclre


mouths later—Air. Porter said ;— ‘ .‘Con­ sidering my ago I have kept in very good health, t.liauks to Doan’s baekaelie kidney pills. I have often been asked almnt .the miKlieino, and I find it a plea.snro to tell people what the pills have done for me.’ ’ Price 2s. 9d. a box, 6 1>oxe,s 13s. 9d.


of all dealers, or from Fo.sier-AIcClellan Co.. .S. ‘VTolls St., Oxford St., London, "W. Don’t ask for baekaelie or kidiiey pills— ask distinctly for Doan's baekaelie kidnev pills, tho s.amn as Air. Porter had.


T H R P .A T iA C E A Into of t)i(j noil is iilwiiys ii fiisoinnting


subject, piirlieiiliirly iipproprioto for iiwo- inspiring scenic cflocts, nnil beautiful plioto- grnpliy. Tlleso arc tlio charncloristicrt of “ AtlliuliH,” cxlliliitcil at tlio Palace tliio wcok-' omi. Tlie Htory bus to do witli tlio infatuation of n doctor for a famous dnuoor ivlio Hoverol times meet, tlie cliiof occasion iM'ing on a voyage to Xew -X'orlr on Uio s.s. Rowland. Tlie vessel strikes a submerged obstruction and at onco Is'giiiB to founder. Then wo have, with very roaiistie effect, a repetition of all the horrors of a HbipwTock on a gigantic scale. There is seen the wireless operator at. work, tho hundreds of liassengers in night apparel only, fighting their way lip tlio companions, a fierce Blnigglo for lifebelts, tho lirntal onrush to outatrip others to secure a jilace iu the boats, tho tlilliculty of launehiug, crowds jumping overboard to roach tlia boats, the stokers till to the waist in water, a gallant reHctio, atul niimeroits oti.er e.xeiting incidents. Amidst all the turmoil anil ox- citomont tlio doctor on tlio tiiipcr dock stiddonly romembers tlio dancer, and lioroically fights his way through tho surging stream of struggling humanity, to tlio caliiii, wliero ho finds her in a swoon. Rifting her in his arms lio rushes oil doeic, and with a supremo effort reaelu-s one of tho hoalB and saves tlio two lives. The following seone shows tlio boats standing by to


jiick uj) otliors, and tho Buhseipiont sinking ot tho ship.


In Now York tho doctor is slighted


by tlio dancer, and lie rotiims homo, becoming seriously ill, and being nursed witli groat dovotioii by a lady Iio suhsocpiontly marries. It is a magnificent picture, telling a good story well. “ 'I'ho man in black,” is a powerful drama, and Pimple in “ The capture of tho KniBoi-” brings a big langli Tho Gazotto foaturoa mtioli of interest The turn is by Jennie Glorm, a soprano vocalist of poiyor, wlio has been very poptilar.— Particulars of next week’s attractions aro to lie found in tlio advt.


Posters, Pamphlets, Billheads, etc.,


U ^ R Y 2 9 . 1 9 1 5


The Drink Traffic RUSSIA’S NOBLE EXAMPLE.


REV. HENRY CARTER AT AVESLEY.


Tho Itev. Heiii-j' Cartel-, coniiexioiiiil


lomiK’i-aiico socrotary, jiaitl a i-utui-u visit to'Weeloy Chajii’l, Olitlu’i-oo, 011 W oiliie.stlay and hi the aJ'loi-jiooii jii’ftuihcd to a mimeroti.s c-.oiio'i'Og-aHoii. 'roti wa.s afterward.s .served titid in tlie. eveiuing- Mr. Ctirter gave an ;iddre.s.s on “ Drink and. AVar.” Air. J. L. Bailey, who iire.sided, «x-


pressed iilettsiire at being in-eseut, fii-st becauso the AVe.sicyan connexion had been awakened to a sense of re.sjx)nsil)i]- ity in the ' g-re.at work of temperance. They iiad had need of oi-ganisatiou in tlieir tempei’imt’o work and iio liked tlie dotea-mination that was now being shown from the counexionul standpoint. Tliev had now a basis to work upon. The .shcoiul reason why lie wtis t.liere wa.s thiit tlirougli this orgaiii.salioii their Baud of ilqiie liad really hegiiii to live; and the third rea.son was that they had now a ■secreitarj' wild took ti real and active interest iu the movement.


I The Rev. II. Carter commented on


the immense social considerations wiiich war iiad forced on the judgment and con­ science of the. nations of Europe:, par­ ticularly in so far a.s liioy concerned tho traffic ill strong drink. It was now oyer 80 yeai-8—]S3‘2— tlnil tlie seven men of Preston took tlieir stand against tlie drinking cu.stdms and declared them­ selves total ahslaiuere. He did not think they could liave conceived a time wlien tho. greatest of all European power.s in tlie sense of territorial groat- nOSS would have banned drink-entirely from- its domain. This ■ was what Russia iiad done by a stroke of;thu’pen, By the word of the Czar tho whole mitioual trtule in alcoholic liquors had ceased for the period of this war, liow- evei- loug tliat war might be— cotised in­ deed for all time if tlie Czar wti.s as gwd as Ills word. .Thorci were uot wanting tho.se in Great Britain who iiad shared a motisui-o of misgiving as they had seen iu iiocent years Russia and Great Britain ilrawn in closer and closer alliaiice. AA'^liatever might be said about Gi-eat Britain she had always -stood for the rights of small nationalities; Russia had not stood forf.he.se things. . I’ iiiland.ivas a tragedy. The-most highly educated of any-.European nation had had fo submit to one infringemeint of its liberties after anotlieir, as tlio ’Russian Govoi-nment had disregarded its pledged word to ■ i-esjiect tlie liberties of the Finns. TliC ponsocution of the Jews had brouglit intolerable sbame on


'Russian tradition and prestigcf So strange indeed was the association of Russia and ' England that many felt a groat blunder had been made by the men of the state. Nevertheless he desired to bear testi­


mony to a. very considerable relief from tlioso first niisgivings. Last week in Le<.Kls be met a man recently returned from AVarsaw wlio told him the nn- doubted tyrannous attitude of Russia in recent years, first to tlie Jeiys, second-, ly to Finlandil and thirdly to the rising foi-ces of democracy, was not native to Russia itself but had really been brought into Russia from Prussia. Ho further told liim that the Prussian spirit, guided bj' advanced ■ economic, thinkers,,.wa.s bitterly opposed to democratic advance­ ment, that Prussian influonco had been dominant-in Russia for at least .a gener­ ation and that the^Russiaii state attitude of aiilagoiiisni to democratic institutions to tho Jews aud to the Finns had been imixised 011 tliom by their Prussian neigliboui's. In bks judgment and in that cif many jKioplc familiar with Russia, the liew tintagonisin to Ger­ many wli.icli tills war would cause and whicli would long eutluro woultl result iu the iiiirnotiiig’ of Geniian influence aud the jyroviiiling jirejudice just ro- feiTcd to would die away, and the Russian peojiie would he able to shape their dostiuies iu their own way. • Bo that as it may in one aspect of soeaal life at least Rn.ssiiv had set ti nob to example, w'hich ivould ho numhared amongst tliree great acts in the world’.s niodevu hisoti-v. In the'year 191-3 the Russian Government received a.-t pi-oht from the state sale of spirituous Rqnoi'S a Slim of 10 iiiillions' sterling, whicli would have paid for our tiriuy aud na-i'y iwLco ■ovor. In lhis'>'L*iir of gTOce the Riissian Go-vei-nment; -would receive from tliis souroo not one penny. It had deliberately sacrificed 70 millions to set itself freo from the liquor cur.se. 'riic only two national acts comparahio lyiih that were the renunciation of the opium trade by the-GJiinese, republic, and the .sacrifice 80 years ago of .30 millions sterling by.-the British Empire in order to free the negro slave. It was in 1895 tliat Russia nationalised the -sale of vodka, her object.being to strengthen her ai-my and build, a modern navy. AA^'hotlior it - was patriotism wliich in- spii'od a love of vodka, or the Gpvem- nient in opening stores everywhere, even in the snuiirvillages, it mattered not,,


blit the fact was tliat from heing a com-. paratively-80be1-nalion7.Ru.ssia hecaiiie a'drunken nation, theiivverage,frosts for drunkenness" in St.t Peteirsburg ^ e r y Saturday night reaching 10,000. AVhat brought this serious malady home to the Czar was the Russian mobilisation in


(THBE.E) g-?. -


1912, as a result of tho Balkan wtir. Russia considered herself the protectres.s of tho small Slav states and thought it necessary to mobilise. It thus hap­ pened that there were di-unken reservists coming to the colors, with druukeu clerks to record them and di-unkeii officers to put them through their drill and musketry instruction. ’ Had war come in 1912 Russia would have bec/u unready and vodka tho cause. In 1913 and early 1914 the Duma gave what we should call a .third reading to a local option mcasui’o tind tliat was the situa­ tion when the present war arose. Morn wonderful still tlu» Greek orthotlox Church, which iiad brought into ex­ istence a similar movement to our Band of Hope -n-ere subsidised by the Czar. It was as if King Geiorge had given A500,000 to help the Band of Hope in tho AV’esleyan Church. The Czar also actuaUy employed tempMance lectni'ers to go thronghont Russia and lecture lo


the peasantiy and be had built at his own cost a railway lecture van from which lectureis spoke to the peasants from wayside stations iu the heart of Russia. AA’heu.war hocamo imminent at the end of July and Russia decided to mobilise tho Czar ordered th vodka stores to be closed for a, month. iSp satisfactory wore the results that tliis order was ex­ tended to two months and then to three, bringing us down to October. Next, two tilings liaiiiieneil. First, a census of national protot.ivity took placo. AVtir had been successfully conductetl uot only at the front hat tit home. A nation at war had to ' de^-tdoji and maintain the sinews of war, keep its factories going, foM iind clothe its army and keep it supjilied with munitions of war, as wtdl as feed tmd clothe the. peojile at home. I f the peoplo became destitute the battle might be lost through weakuess at home. As a i'Multtif abstentions from vodka, the factories of Russia turned out 25 iier cent, more jiroducts; This second point wtts Ihisi; ' Half tho teri-itoi’y of Euro^ie wtis in : Russia ; half of Asia ' was in Russia.. Russia was a continent in itself — entending from the Baltic to the Pacific. It Wiis Ihreo mbutlis before the spattered temperance s’bcioties could aclilevo cohea-enco, but they then sent a doiiiiiaiibn to the Czar. . They jxiinted out thiit Cor the first time iu twenty yciii’s they knew what it was to live) with­ out vodkii and tlieir homes 'had been made htippier. ‘I’ liey had doub without it three months, why not for the dura­ tion of the war, indeed for all time. And the Czar replied in one word, ‘ ‘Yes, ho would .stop it for all time.” The Kaiser and his staff told the world .at the beginuing of tho -war that they would havo time to deal with Russia, after they had crushed France; :is Russiii’s mobilis­ ation was so slow. The, answer came in a voi-j- s'hort time when the Russians were aU over East Prussia and althougli she was , driven back she n6vertliole.ss swept into . Galioea and had remained there. 'That this was due to the banish­ ment of vodka was not a .temperance .argument but a military fact. The 'headquarters of tho Grand Duke Nicholas and those of all his officers was entirely free from alcohol. The speaker contra.sted this with what had been ac­ complished ■ by Germany. Druiikeiiuess,. he said, largely accounted for ,the crimes of Louvain and elsow'here’i,i Tlie splier- ness of Russian soldiers had keiit. them ■free-from crime, but on the other,hand the German soldiery, by roa.sou of dvink, had brought on tlieir army a disgi-aco which the hiiise of cent.uries could .never


elfaoa. It -was for us in England to see that, ' , '


drink, which could do for ..theEritish soldier what it had done for the German, must go— its jiower broken, its might uprooted out of the ^ i l , . leading toiti ■liriglitor a n d happier life. .(Applause.) During the evening Aliss Afarne-


gave two recitations wliich were greatly appreciated.


P . S . A . -------♦♦♦------- ■


Tito .service on Sunday la.st was of, an


interesting character. ■ Aloimt Zion Choir rendered effective liolji iiiidor the leader­


ship of Air. Birch. Air. J. C. Ford being the accompanist. Air. Newton Aspdon was in the chair. I’lio clioir gave tho antlicm, “ I was glad.” Tito patriotic duet by the Alisses Cliatnbers was received with marked a^iproval. The speaker was the Rev. J. AV, Jolinstoii. In tlio course ot a thoughtful and forcible address, Air. Johnston said his subject was ?‘ P.S.A. men wanted.” Ho hoped thou- offoi-ts to increase their mombo-ship would bo successful. Take tho letters P.S.A. P stands for jiati-iotic. Wo all love our land, our lioinos, ,0111- wives, and our childi’on. 3’hank God. for tho men_ who havo gone to.-help our nafioii, aiid if wo arc true: patripts-wo shall fight against all that will bring ruin and misery to .our land. Think of tho homes ruined by .strong drink, yot wo allow it, and often en­ courage tlio oyil. Then wo mfist fight against gainbling, ivliibh has a strong hold in our mills and. workshops. ,, ,- A man ought to bo asliamod to got-drunk - when his comrades aro fighting for England at tho front. Tho second letter S,... Our: country needs strong men;; not only strong in body, but,, strong, in mind, soul and gentleness, and strong for the side of righteousness. The third , letter was :A ' ■


for active. AVhat thoi.world needB


.to-day-is the man who can do something, i) 6 what you can for the P.S.'A. moyemorit.- Wo'^ay -want to bo stars,- when we ought to be lamp-posts. It is tho doing of tho little thing that counts, r i


BOWLAND Ei)UCATI0N SUB-COMMI'rXEE. -------♦♦♦-------


A SCHOOL NURSE AJ’POINTED. The Rev. J. C. Garnet t presided over


tto usual meeting of tlie Bowhmd Education Snb-Coinmittee at the ‘lown Hall, Clitheroo, 011 Alonday, there be­ ing- also present tho Rev. Canon AVilsou,


(who begged to be excused from takin'"' the chair), AIe.ssi-s. AA’". Garnett, AV r" Giddings, H. C. Starkie, H. AV.aison, J. T. Iiofthoiise, J. AA’'. Gill, E. Afooi-o, S. Snialley, iKigethor with Air. C. A.


Alilford (clei’k) aud Air. T. A. Town.son (school attendance officer). ACKNOAVLEDGMENT.


The Clerk intimated that, he Iiad re­


ceived an aoknoivledgmont of the vote of condolence passed at the last im-i-ting-


with the Rev., Canon AVilson on Uk loss of his wife. TO.SSIDE SCHOOL.


■After some tii.-icussion .it m*hs as-reeici


io increase the salary of tiie caretaker of Tosside schcoel (Air. Parker) from .£7 10s. to £9.


ATTENDANCE RETUR;0'. .The Clerk announced that the end-


anoe returns for December reach, d SI per cent, for council schools and 84.92 per cent, for iion-jirovided schools. The School Attendance Officer said


tiiicire had been a deal of sickness due to the severe we.ather conditions which had been very trying for eounti-j- children, especially ui the Bashall Eaves neigh­ bourhood.


A SCHOOL NURSE. The Clerk read a leitfc'ir from tho


County Aledical Officer (Dr. Kay) stat­ ing that :i nursing .sriheme had beeii in­ augurated aud in each district .a nui-so would devote part time I0 school uurs- ing.A nuise had alrtnidy been appointetd to act iu tho Bowlaucl .school area and would begin her duties at an early date. The Medical Officer expressed a hojx’’ that the teachetrs would co-operate by informing the mii-se of cases which re­ quired attention.


The .Rev. J. C. GarnetL asked, if. a


new committee had been appointeil in regard to tliis matter, as he hafi boon


asked to lend his name to something of the soi-t. The Clerk said he did uot know any­


thing beyond the circuhir. In reply to further questions the


Clerk said ho did not'think it was the intention to intm-fero ivith any voluntary- work that was already being done j the oountv authprity would not 'caferot lose the interest, of any local comruit'tec. Air. AV. Ganiett said if they 'bbuld


get the work well done voluntarily why pay for it?


Tho.Clei-k rejilied that the nni-so iras now appointed.


... Air. W. Garnett: I th-ought,,i.t yras a


question as to whether!-we would recom­ mend one.or not. I don’ t altogether appro-y'o.pf the appointment. Local


.people would have a gi-eat deal'more influence witli pa routs thtin an entire stranger. , ■ Rev. J. C. Gai-nett said they had al­


Tho.Clei-k : Tlie Coni niittee' would like you to continue doing what ypu^already


ready., done something in that direction at Sl.aidburn.


: . -


.111-0 doing, and the .ivork of'Ilie'scLool nurse will be supplementaiy. _;She‘ wiU report on. the, cases, which require .at­ tention and the parents vi'ill bo notified accordingly. ' Whatever is done will be with the parents consent.,


- 'Tlie Clei-k was instructed to ask.-wh'o


the' school mirs.b ,was, where she would he placed, and' what CommitUse would superintend her work.


COUNCIL _ SCHOOLS. With a ,,view( . to the forthcoming


elemeutai-y ' education ‘ estimate ' the County Council desired to be furnished with tho roquirenierits of the several council schools fo the area, for the next tu‘elve mouths.),.' Th© mattei;,tva^s referred fo.t he. respec­


tive school managers and it was'agreed pk uvgei the ” erection of a cla^room at. Gi-indleton Lane Ends and certain al­ terations at the Gisburne scltool house, which is very damp.’


‘‘ ' ' ' '


CANON• -wiLSON’S RETIREMENT. At tho close of the business; Canon


AA'^ilson rose and 1; expressed a wish to i-etire froin tho Ohairmauship which ho feared 'lie could 110 .‘ longer-adequately lulfil'.:: He would bo' groatly, obliged if they fo’ould- appoi nt; iiiiotliei};! .chiurman


and he would atteudfobdasionally,’ Rev. Ji C. Garnett said Ihoy.jWere all


exceedingly sorry to ;'hear-pf; ,Canon AA’^ilson’s wish to/xotire.- ITcj.had.done his work so excellently^ and-thoroughly that his Joss -tvbiild he ,coi^idejr;^lo, and they would beV loathe'1 inde^.'tp part with hini) (Hear, hear.) .'He suggested that Canon AA^ilson"should; continue a's chairman and -nominate, a ’vic^tfoairman


.to act in his’ uhsence/ (Hafo, hear.) ■'Ganon—AAiilsonfisaid .he. would, prefea-


tliat'^.they appointed anothex ebairman, hut eventuaUyJie was prevailed ujxin to iretain the position, with the R«y. ,J. C. Garnett OS vice-chairman,, y. Mr.:AY. Garnett, said he endorsed all that the’ previous sp^k^;^!;ha’d said.


: Rev. J.'Q.-Garnet (fo'th^C&non): Wei .shallvbo delighted t o ; . ^ ■long.as eyer you-twRpofo^ and applause.) '


• a» hoar , The meeting then terminated. k'i»l


'Canon-Wilson had been dh’afomaii since th'e: edmmittoq ;ptaited .and b i4tW>rk. had always heen app_reciate<|,- ^Hft hoped he would romafo'rwith-them;


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