T H E T I M E S . F R I D A Y . A P R I I . 12 1912 d r e a d o f sm a l l p o x .


NER. I BIRDS. H


ni I*'Mir. )i will rra.iEl_v . 1- i(. ]ir<..iur..


I <


];:'•! sulVn'il-m nui.rim»-iu i,j uhirii


• um.<i i»r in <n’ilcr


| < n .! iliis ilrain «?ii tii-ai- ' i , S'.Tii ai ihm:.‘ lih-v *],. I


I '-''y liii: lii'si t<uini,i;ln^ I'.- <\u-


. in.iinr*-.


;!'-kri] as l<; h;i\\ onr .V ' r uhai ‘iiia.nliiy «?f


• . null’ll I'l ;,(i nivcn ii.lhMii 1 .1 il. .ip. un.lrr a. lir..Li;i-,.


” = Il is ;l sii;[i i -.1' u rii ilnvr niiris t.i'


-"n-ni.l onl\ l.r f.‘<l whrn ' \r. l.-;kiii^ <tiU. in pink I' ’'‘ir\ ran liml.


:■ • • ; ai. «•spmni.l ly wjmu \S hrn f.iwls an* siami-


p;.- ii‘ n\ r r l\-r,l. l lnu.s.


|irn;l-.ni *I h is nnr of i:lm r\ air n\> |--l\.,l. Wlvil


1 I!n\ ,ir- ;;rllr^:llj^ i \ \\ h- n i i iry St r • a n\'i -iir


ll.llr T lii .lUfinpL It; atj- ■juaillky ■:! ln*;;d In --jx:,.


| i u;i'ri n ltin<l ji tni'l-iiav. n r jnsi a.s nmrh as t:lir .1 I,


\ > \ I r\ \ ’ V\


i-N s< ir It t.d t'nr I'I’r.ikra.sL • -s'A. and lw«» « aiiKVS •r,


i i! I'hi IV • is ;uiN Inll ill ::iriu l!lr USlI.I.l pl‘<i I :i ■ nsn.i! siijij >lv ai i:hr imp’ll ill ihrir


:a:ir.-. di, m ant lu-ns .in


In iii'i in lull ia.v, vhnsn a\ w ill rai lialV a.s miirii •>r \ \h' '’h ar r iii’i laN'ln;^.


| i \ niUNi i.n n-;^uihu;nd 1 «\ r \ . i ' ’i n< lilt i'l itifi td* T.ht:


lii!: I i !in rxplan.a I i« ui 'J'l ir


1'-.: \'t ry murli lunU-r lha,n ml rn n «’aii !»• inipr'nfti


|ar« till


tlisrpiir n. ini It ;\\ iiv^r r\ a;'.


knrpt;r u’li»i tif ihr li.i.liils o!' r 11 lU ]< miui ii.'ivt.' mn.n-


t .Mv • ><• ra 1 IS. 1 » [ in’, i- i j ’111.S.


•1 lit!. ' di, ru isr 1 hi.-y f*:i.ii. U ,• rr^’nmiiinntl fliv • lilnd u ml Ill many


• many jiii i i-s Ipun -rlit’


rn M d >i'Vt-raI i^vns •rs il'.rrr an* vrr\ ft.-w. in "rilrr* dia.i .Hi,- fntui


I:. as I'l r I'tiwls rr.|iiin* ii 11 . -n a. c iti nii.siinv


|: ! nr.d.iliii_L'.<. di r furmt-r ;:i •


si-raps. and .1 dial l.lns l't.“jd Iiii;


[ ' arr U'. 'll r-’l:ai>I'.‘ laying !/■';>/*/ c n j Firfsidf,**


HdiS 1 \ .\I»KI1.. dn.- pra.i.Sr.s ol’ rlir


m! wain .u: a. tltmlil d is •Miii.ii’ul


ihr. yi.’ar. A


• .i.’itl w I r ajiand W'.lIi iIk* I'i t .nr. lilt- jirinmisf a.ml ! i.iirir liraiLly, and l.bf ;-ramn s in tin.* air, m.'iku


d'^iuinl i; is n 1 rncj dui.t an I W-- ha\’f muv dir


i'l Tr ns. I'At'i’ydiinj; -is iii'-inir.ij' dp’ iialiini’libsc Inniii-r will hi.* laisy rs. hnurrflirs ami nicdis


' I lit • lit Ids ami wnmLs. ! ’'.kini: ftirwanl tn diu


IniiiP r Itird.s. and .lia.i’i.n^ :A inmi.iii;^ a.l<in;^ hu.d^'u- /r'-i.ni '•iimiiPMs ’hn* tin* liariit’ular fa.m’y. 'Plxci'i*


B ' i t it’ }'-avrr> nmir.r dn* ■ : ;i>t !■' <M list'd I ly \ra.l.k- N:in}i.< a I’twk IMirastiiil. w.irv nt this season.


t> Jt] jilt^i.-ti.ns is ai't>usc‘l ! d<t/t*. and ihi’Si* wJdrl ir win^rs making a. fsjn-


1. Thc.sr i.t>rds


■ vr'trr’s ilisrrit’i, aiird <lo J r ain rropsi. llir iiNlensiVt* Id i r r.iiimr\' i^-.'*iiig them ml s-'fiirirv for nesting* • 'iin’ir .sn imp’ll alleiiiion as d"’ jm-.tla.I/iiw kinds- :md ilistroved lor for-'*'! '.Ills whi’ii nt'caislonall) ■Ml.Ing ill l.Iv.' waraLs *dur-


'.■a.Nrii Would dis-tiirh tilt* r'jiiiri I'nmlirions diirinji


as odirr birds.


| n ' ’ntflnl iu.dm coji.s^^v •'rnd i iannl a. ua.rticulai* spot


fianim ip’iiig to hinil'd. iiouglx i.iu-y lia.ve itn d niinn di-,* sdc of idiciir


Iprt • [11 i a rl V rna.rk<:M.l co'l' jilt nrion. J le wn.s a


I'r.h hmast a.iid cap, palt’li t!.\i<*nd<id aniost


■i- 'rk. so dia.t he appcare-d


Ih'i..- hark. ]*tisslbl>: Jnionallv 'large p.atdie.s. \Ca^e Birds .


Inwls whinii am la\In-..^ ; hr.il'ii *.n i.im n i;n iV.ur


In aiiia.lnurs:. un 'riinr.* s n 1


h: 'W i«7 kiii'w wlvtln-r .f],,, • ’ 4 *• ' '


A j, \ \ } i-f.juin-., c.n n? ]-<y_


Did


MACKIdN'S WARNIXO AN1MA*-\CCrXATOR8.


lU'KvAI. DlS'Vi [„ Ills iiimiiiil ita.eso 'VO


CLITH KUOK IC'l’.


pn-si-ntc-cl to the


ClitliiMoe I’.oviil Oisti-ic-t Council on Satui'- Medical Oiliccr (Dr. T. 'I'- .Macklio)


1 ,caret to say tltat vaccoiatu)o is .


„ri<liiaUv lud surely declinin': and 1 di'ink I inn safe in statin^ that very little more lliiiii nne-haif nf tlie children wlio -nrvivc are now sid),jeeteil to tins very safe


iuul hinlil.v linttfctive operatitm against '<mall-|io-''- I'Cvenipt inn eertilieates are I,cine (ihtaiiU'd wlndesale. nuM'ely lieeanse r iiolh'-rs o l i j e e t t o l i a v i n n t h e i r l a i l i i e s


lamislied.’' as they term it and not in most eases on grounds of eonseienee at all.


■nie itiftil majority of tlie mothers and fathers of tile present, generation know iiotliiiiL' a.Iiool smidl-po.v. haviiiu had on


c.\|ifrience of il in any sltape or form and


ooiisrqarntly look npoo it as a |iurely pro- tilcmatieal matter with wlnel\ tliey have little or on eoneern and wtiieli it is ex- ircnielv unlikely they will e.ver see. 'Hu-re can he l>nt eoinpiirtttively few reniiiining who ciiterlidn any fettr and loatliing of the hoiriltle disciise wliielt in the past hits cut olfsn manv helpless victims and lias eatised >0 imieli 'distress hy decimatin'.: whole families. Tile result of Hu-neglect of tltis oHcfal iind heoelieent meiisnre for tlie protertion from and iireventioo of this mali'-'imiit ilisease is tlnit an exleitsive f,.|tile and virgin soil is rapidly being picparcd for tlie iiivitsion of small-fto.x. and 1 vi'fV miieli fear that sooner of hitrr a fearful tmd deviistating Xemesis


awaits sunn- fiitnre generation hashing in the stmsliine of .a fancied hot false seem'ity. ,\sa residt of experience in India in loriner vears. 1 .am eonvineed tliat no miatsnres. 'rvtai the most perfect of sanitation and isolation tire snllieient to pi'cvent tile lead of tile awful disease il ooee it gets a of aov nmaieeinatiai eommnoity. W.VrKl! ,"<1’1’1M,Y. . \ very large pari


'I’tf L'fip


of llie distriet is well supplied with water whi''li. ot lainrse. varies in ipialilN in


ililtinait pl.aees Imt is on the wlude gooil, thoiigii for the most part very hard, and espreially so in Wlialley. Some plaees toe still via'v hadly olV hut there is evia'.v rea.-on to hope that the deitait is in a fair wav to lie renuaiied in a few of tlie more iin|Hiitaiit ami popidoiis -|)laees in proia-ss 'if lime. It is lui|Hal that tlie water supply wiirhs wilii regard to Chipping may at least he stiirteil lad'ori' the year is out I'ltlVlKS .INI) IMUVV MIDDION'S. - In tin past, from time to time in


i|iiarter!y and annual reports 1 ha\e ileaoimeed tile privy and the open priv\ midden ill no iimiieasnrnd terms.


1 he


liniiry aiitiipiity of the iiistitntioo. lio \\- ever, seems to have conferred upon it Slime l•l.•lims to veneration, as it is still tinmd in large nnmbers thronglunit the dislriet. That it has been tolerated so Iniig is matter fill’w onder and we can oiil\ suppose that long tlse and eustoin has so lilinited the feelings of the people that they have failed to realise what a pnstileiiee il is. It has no redeeming fell til res of any kind to oiler in exense for its maiiiteiiaiu’e and eonliniied e.xistenee. rhe|irivy is dangerous to iiealth in nniny ways lait the one to wliieli I espeeiall.v I'lili attention at the present time. is. that it iifVoi'ds an exeellent breeding ground for Hies, ami lliese inseels are among tlie most diiiigeroiis known to man. 'Phe eomnion lioiiseHy is not looked upon by the avi'rage piT.son as anything moi'O than a nuisanee and aimoyatiee in various ways to one s voinforl. i ani sure hy far the great iii.ajority of people ipiite fail to recognise lliat the lly is capable of being a, very V.real and serious danger, and more e,s- peeially so if tliere are collections of filth in the near iieighbotirhood of the dwelling- plaee. Klies may he fitly de.seribed as the nuist imelean of all the kinds of veriniit wliicli swarm about ns and wliieli we take IIS a. inatler nf eoiirse, looking upon them as something inevitable and to be put up with as part of tlie prieo we (tay for sum- nier weatlier. M'liis somewhat indilterent toleration of file (ly is a very grievous hliiiider and one which sliould he correeted as .sjieedilv as possible, h'lies are born in tilth and they luxuriate in it—they are iiia.ggots before, tiiey are flies—and filtli forms the food bv which they tire kept alive. Tliey carry filth about with tliem and thev leave some behind them when­ ever they aliglit. After visiting the privy, tile manure lieap or some other collection lit dceomjmsing ridibish tliey enter your Illumes and visit the jianti'y or it may he tile breakfast table and hir/.’/.iiig about hecome attraeled by the marmalade upon wliieli tlie-v alight, or it may be the butter or sugar wliieli tliey elect to sample or nay other article, of diet that may he more open to their inee.ssaiit spirit of iiivestiga- dnn. Ill ativ eiise they never leave it exiiclly as liiey find i t—if indeed they eiii ry ofT minute ])artiele.s of food it is only after flaying for it with something as niieleiin as it is undesirable, and it may oven he tif a very deadly nature, J hc lood you eat may thus be infected by disease, germs brought from the sick room of someone ill with enteric fever dr coiit sumption or some other form of infectious


'lisease, of an eciually dangc-rous cliaractcr, — • en, but


none, the iilmiit


less by the Hies


deadlyr in


duly may go direct ’It'hiks,


l"''vever, to show how dangerous flies are fl^'S^and oust . head. foes to, v arc


all directions and Bmeh your food,


carriednecl to your


e face and lips of the sleeping


'•Itild m* to .some soro po-rchanee^upon your hands


pnvies and ojien middens and that the


sooner tlie latter are aholished from tlie district the better will il beforthe he-ltli ot the eommunily at lai-.^e Kvery elVort should be made to gel rid of iiies hy keeping the surroundings seriijmlouslv clean and hy allowing no dirt to aeeumii- late anywhere and especially deeayim.: organie matter in the near vieinitv of the house. J he inside ot the house requires attentioii. too. no dirt slioiild he allowed to aeenmulale in eorners. on ledges or behind doors and some disinfectant should


he used oeeasionally hefore sweeping out and dusting tlie premises. Xeitlier food nor tlie remains of food should lie left lying about carelessly as these attract Hies and indicate a slovenly and nntidv housekeeper. H o t .SK KHKL’81’1.—Heavenging is car­


ried out by the .sanitary authority in (Jhathorn, Ctiippiiig and Wiswell and in the whole, is clone i|uite satisfactory, fn \ \ halley this w'cirk is done hy owners and oeenpiers indiseriminately with the result that it is done more nr less ioeHieieiiUy and at any iioiir of the day when it is done at all. The advantage derived hy the sanitary aiitluirity doing tile work is that some regulations can he made as to when the work is to he done and the most snitahle time selected. In some other parts of the dislriet the same mixed arrangement of owners and oeeiitiiers doing the work firevails. Tliere are lips provided at t'liippiiig. Chathiirii. Harrow. Wiswell. Hurst (irc’cn and W'halley for the disposal of refuse. CLOSIXri 01’’ SCHOUhS.—Wiswell school was elo.secl for three weeks in the


early jiart of the first ipiarter of the year on aeeoniit of an epidemic of measles. Whalley selmol was closed for a fortnight before I'laster on aeeoiiiil of an epidemic of mumps in the eonr.se of wliieh one eliild died. On aeeoiiiit of a severe epidemic of measles, it was found ad- vi.salile to close C'hatlmrn .seliool just hefore Cliristmas till after tlie liolidavs. I’WCl'OlUl’IiS, WOKK8 HUl’.S. &e'.—


There are altogether ++ in llte distriet and dnriiig the year li t iiispeetioiis were made hut praetieally nolhiii'i of any imporlanee was found of wliieh it was necessary to lake aov definite not ice.


drains, or miiimre heaps. It is quite lime the inililie gave mon* eiuiside.ratiim and thimglit to till* matt(*r of food siipjily inicl more especially milk as it lias such an important bearing on tile rearing of infants and eliildreii. for it is in early years that tin* true foundation of a healthy life is laid. Kven if in eonseqiienee of the measures necessary to he taken for the iniproveil and more cleanly eolleetion and storage of milk th(*re is inen-asei.1 cost—and far- ! mers must lu* adequately remunerated for providing us with the best—still it will provi* mure eeonomieal in the lung rim. for there is nothing so valuable as good ; health. Certainly where a farmi*r has to i give up using llie milk of a. tuberculous . eow or when it may hi* necessary to destroy | a disea.sed animal some degree of eom- | pen.satioM seems reasona.hli* and if fortli- | eoming would facilitate the ultimate ' di.sappearaiiee of tuhereiilosis among eat- | tie. On the oilier hand the farmer must ' rememher lliat he liim.self gains ultimalelv . liy getting rid of a di.seased animal as ^ till* I'alvcs aiul otlu*r cows in tlic i*ow lionsc an* Ic.ss likely to heeomi* infected ■ and so safeguards the licalthiness of liis j slock.


'*'*fs5 j DAllUMS AXl) COWSHHDS.—The |


I to. This a matter of regret becau.se mmi* i . Ilf the regulations arc very stringent nor '


regulations willi respect to Dairies and Cowsheds and milksluqis which liave been issued by the " Council." and wliich came j into force in lOOtl an* quite satisfactory in thcmsi'lvcs and if acted up to in every instance would reiuler the milk sup|)ly , in and from the district all tlial eimld be de.sired. but judging from some samples of milk 1 have seen and to whieli my attention lias been called some ot the j regiilatioiLs have not been strictly adhered


j such as to present any great dillieiilty I in carrying tliem out. 1 think it higlily ’ prohabh* that soom*r or later some govern­ ment will bring in a very strict measure d(*aling with tin* matter of milk supply in whieli till* sale of milk eonlaiiiing dirt or tiilterenle l)*i.'.*illi will in* ahsohilely tor- hidd(*n as lieing a nu*nai*e to tin* piililic healtli. 'I’he Inspeetor of Xiiisanees re­ ports there are :!") registered dairies and


Kooi) IX S l’K c r iO X—Very little or


nothing is done in the district in the wav of food iiispeetion. or at all events no diseased or iiiisoiiod food is ever lonnd . 'I'liis is somewhat remir’kable. for it is hardly eimeeivalile tlial ahsohitely no tiilH-reiilons or cither diseased entile* arc* evc>r kilit*d and disposed of tor eonsnmp- tiem within tlic* vary large area wliieh lids distri(*t covers. There arc* mimei’ous cli.sc*ases w'liieh allVel the various animals which are iisc*d for food and which render it unfit for use and sometimes it is jusl possible* that S'um* sm*h may he found within onr horclt*rs. lint I have no rc*c*orcl of any sei’/.nres h.'ving been made. It might he advantageous In the eomminiity if some regular aetioii was taken Irom lime to lime in the matter of inspection of meat tind otlier food,


j T'hc*rc* is, pei*hir('i.*i. on article ot food the cpiality of which varies so iiuieh as milk aeeorciiiig to tin* method and kind oi fc*eding and the* eondilion of the sliijjpoii ol* c*ow sheds as to eU*aiiliness and vcnlila- tioo. .Samples might he* taken ircun wiclelv separated parts of the clistriot and the cjiiality c*omparc*d after examination In- Uie amily.st. Il is now well known liial tubereiiiar disi*ase can he transmitted to the hnntan spc*eic*s hy mc*a.ns of milk eontainimg haeilli and that it is mostls voung peoiilc* who sutler and gtnieralls


. cowsheds in the distriet wliieli is the .same ' niimher as last year. He also reports that Hu* cowsheds, milk eoiiling places and provender slori*s are all well limewashed during the summer months, wlien the ealtk* are out to grass. 'I'hi* shippons on the wliole are kept clean. It is also re-


, porti*d that tlie wati*r supply to most oi the farms sup|ilying milk is good, and Hint none of Hu* farmers have madi* any com­ plaint of being short of water. 'I’lii* Inspector of Xnisanees also reports that lie has not had any n*a.son to suspect any of the cattle on the.se farms heiiig affected with tiibereulosis. It is stated on e.x- eellent auHiority that '2~> to HO per cent, of all tlie cows in this country are affected with Uiliereiile so that we may eonsider onr.si*lvi*s ext*eptionally favonrahl\* situat­ ed wlien it is reported that tliere arc no signs of tiihcrcniosis ainoiig the cattle in the district.


i XKW HIT U)IX( IS.—There have been during Hu* year large additions to Hie nnmher of dwelling-houses in Chiilhnrn


as 40 m*w liouses liave lieen Iniilt, I lie eotton factory at Chiitlmrn is being very nnieli enlarged and eon.scqiiently must em])loy more liands. In the .same village aU'(*rations and addilums have lieen made to a shop in Uownham Road. .*Vt Clough Haul: a new mason’s sliecl lias l>ei*n (*reeted.


and a warehouse and olliee hn.ve been ituilt. In Whalley the new hank is nearing eom-


through the* ailmentary tract, this is heeanse in all proliability among young pecqile a larger proportion ot their diet is compo.sed of milk than is the case* among.st adults. Henee it is of the utmost importanee that all milk shoulcl be as tnne* as possible in evc*ry respet*t and ahsohitely | free from tnherenle haeilli.


'1 here ^ is a


verv eommem and very prevalent opinion held by many fttrmers that to keep cows , under dark, clos^e and liot vitiated at-


inositherie conditions \vill product* good milkers. 'I’lds all the best veterinary authoritie.s promninee as slu*(*r delusion and it is claimed lliat bettei* results will la* obtained under strict sanitary conditions than in anv otlier way. Good drainage, i.lentv of li'ght. free ventilation, abundant water siipplv and sullicicnt cubic S3iaee are all disideiata of the utmost importance and will he of great advantage, not o'd.y to the cattle themselves hut also to all 'vho niav obtain some of their food supply from them. Tuberculosis. I need hardly point out. is closely associated with insanitary surroundings' dirt, bad ventilation, foul air and lack of sunlight. It is t lereforc oidv rcasonaltle to infer tliat it the same


sanitary measures winch have been used and found effective in the past thirty vears in tlie ease of liuman beings were to 'be aj.plied to cattle, bovine tuberc-uUts.s would soon bc-eome much reduced in the future. Cows to he healthy must h \e under healthv eonditious and tuberculosis


he u’av


1. . d im - im, m* l» healthv eonclitions. Every made to obtain milk m as cic.inh


as 3)0ssible and no ellorts this result.


should Dirt in


n d lk t 'V iL ‘ o iiTvX gus tin g anable ot causing much m.scliief for nil k


r T m cd ium ln wldeh most germs grpw


*ind multiplv with great rapidity. con "s ot the utmost importauce coiisumcr should endeavour to


that the manner


vessel or utensil in received and too often it


b y many


can be, e-sia-cially aS^ociated with emanation of foul gases _____ I have said enough.


uucu


indifference shown o ^


flics and "dust and in ■*"— --'••‘-’ees the


which the rnilk is left standing


middens and t,,',. milk is


open to the invasion ot ’


jilelion. Co-i>perative stores and shops are in jiiocess tif erection at Crow l*ark in Hu* same village aiul Hiey promise to lx* quite an imposing edifice wlieii com­ plete. A new villa resideiiee of good larg


si*/,e with a line garage is also being built in Hu* CliHieroeHoad, near Hu- village. Six'partiaily hiiill eottageson the .Asylum site a.nd facing the Mytton Road await completinn when work is resumed under


the new eont.’aetor. H0C81XT:. &


-■■ <■—Under the terms of


till* H(ui<i*r:. 'I’own I’lanning. ..'te.. Act. of toot) a v,*rv thorough iiispeetion of Hie distriet w,*.; iinth* during 1911, but the area of the district is so very great and Hu- eastern and western parts being so very far at>art owing to tin* wedge-sliaped portion of the West Riding of Yorkshire wliieh intervenes h *t v * * i t)r*m Hint il has been <|uiie impossib'i * I >• m* to com­ plete the inspection of the whole distriet within the vear. T’here still remains a large part of the distriet to be gone over befcire everv house that come.s within tlic seope of the Act ai)pears in the Record of Inspeetion Bool;. There aiipears to he


suffieient house aoeommodation for the normal I'equirements of the arti'/ans and labonrer.s in the district, hut it is mote tiian probable tliat during the period of erection of Hte AYhallev Asylum Hiere may be an increased deiiiand' for lodging and no doubt manv houses will be filled uti to the verge of overcrowding in Hie immediate neighbourliood .of tliat v'illage. Tins will be itiore or less temporary and eannbt last bevond a few vears. Alany of the houses in ‘and about Whalloy are quite new and arc built according to modern requirements T’hcy arc ryell lighted by good large win­ dows which arc mtidc to open so^ that ample ventilatioii can he secured. T’hcrc is ample open space so that there is no risk ot, the. air becoming stagnant about them.- ’I’lic number of houses inspected by me was. 280 and inany. of these were so satisfactory as not to call for any inter­ vention on the 3^uTt of tbo Council. No doubt in nearly all the older properties minor defects were fomid, such as worn !5tair treads, broken flags, in stone floors, some degree of dampness, plaster of walls or ceilings slightly broken, and \yindow.s whicli would not. opeii or were too small..


In .some ease.s drained or tin*


the yir paving.


’ll wii-i not if iinv. wa


feeti vt*. \TTAH .STATISTIGS. —Hirtlis.


nijinher of births legistereil during «a.s as follows ; males. oS *. females total 129. This riqiresents 10 le.ss for till* preeediiig year, 1910. and is very nearly as low as in Hu* year 1909, when the number was 120 only.


-Till* 191 I fio ;


Hian 1 be average


during tlu* last five years was 128.40. .so that there is a distinct falling olf during 191 1. Tlu* liirth rate per 1000 of tlic population is 19.90 and is tlu* lowest on rrcortl. It is even lower than for 1907 when il was 2 0 .o9 per LOOO. I wish to call attention to Hiis latter figure, for llioiigh the aetiial number of birtlis in 1911 was three higlier than in 1909 yet the hirtli-rati* is lower by 1.29 per 1000 than was the case in 1909 and illustrates very elearly Hu* advantage of olitaiiiiiig rates per 1000. This is. of eoiirse, due to the fact tliat Hioogh tlu* population lias in­ creased. the nnmher of births has not iiu*ri*ased in like [iroportioii. Tlu* i-oimtry ■ as a whole shows a downward lendeney ' and Hu* distriet is siilTeriiig in this respect in eonimon with Hu* rest of Hnglaiul. Tlie fact is very nnieli to be de]ilored but a.p|iarently il must he endured as there seems no signs of a cure. The liirth-rate of rural Kiiglaiul for 1911 is 29.40. The birth rate for OliHicroc Raral District for 19U is 19.90. The- averagehirthrate for the last o years was 21 .9t.i. The sti*ady decline in the birth rate Ihroiighoiit Hie country is a. matter of serious import. DK.ATHS.—Tlu* niiinhcr of deaths re­


gistered during 1911 was 1)4: the. nuinhe.r of deaths of noM-residenls I : The numlier of ileaths of residents not registered in district was 1 2 *. ncU d(*atlis belonging to ilistrict 9.0. The average number of deaths for the last o years was SO.IiO. The males luimliered oli and females 9i). ft will he .seen from Hu* above that tlicrc were no lV*wi*r than 12 pci’sons belonging to Ihe- dislrict who dictl in institutions ol various kinds outside, the limits of Hu* district. It will alsci be noticed lliat t.lu* male


decrease in numlier.s and further that it is so imieli liigher than the rate for Hie eouii- trv as a whiili* which was 1.12 per 1000 in 1909. There has Inien a droji of 14 jier cent, in Hu* death rate from eonsump- tion throughout the eoimtry as a whole in tlu*. last ten years su that we mav well


lioiie that the tendeiie.y upwards in recent yeais in this distriet may ex)ierienei* a decline in succeeding years. Under the new eonditioiis which are


likely to rise from Hu* application of Hie ■


■ Housing Acts " and the ” Regulations


as to Tiihereiilosis. 1911 ’’ thei’e is every hiqie and prospi*et of great iinprovenu-nt taking |ilaee as regards tlu* tirevalenee


a.nd severity of this fell di.sease. Tlien, too. there are otlier factors in operation


which will have a henetieial eli’eet uiion Hu* health of the eomnumity in this res­


deaths exceed Hu* females hy 19 which is an iniusually high proportion. The total niinihcr of deaths hclonging to Hu* district Imving been 9o during 1911. Hu* death rate, is therefore 14.98 per 1090 ot tlu* po^mlation.. Xot only is the tU*atli rale of tlu* Kural District ol Clithei’oc liighcr tlian its own average for the last o years Imt also it is considerably higher than the rate for Kiiglaiid and Wales ill rural districts. Hie diifereuei* being very Mi*arlv 2 per 1000. It is true that hiitli tuhereulous disease and eaiieer have lieeii specially tirevalent during 19U and there has been a very higli percentage iif deaths from tliese diseases. A’(*t 1 am inclined ' to hi*lievc tliat both are to a certain e.xtent aeeideiital and tenqiorary and not to be looked upon as ]iermanent conditions. I IXTAXTILH .MOR'l'.AJ.,ITY.—Tliere '


pect. Tlic .sanitary and social eonditions are gradually improving. The liousing aeeamnuidatiim is better and ouglit s t ill further to improve under the " Housing Act " as time goes on. Factories and workshops are beeoming more and more sanitary and Hu* hygeiiie conditions of oeeujiation are steadily improving. Better and more wholesome food is being used and no doubt e.iiokery classes are beginning to have a good and heiielieial effect in tlie matter of prepariiHon. This in turn means imjiroved digestion and assimiiatiou witli better liealtli generally which again means an inerae.sed power ot resislenee to iiifeetioii by tuhereule. .•Vnother matter of importanee too. is that better food and more aptietising meals from improved cooking will tend to keep men from spend­ ing too nitteli lime in Hie more or li*s.s stuIVy atinosplieri* of the luihlie liouse and cause a greater liking for wluilesomc exercise in Hu* (qien air. There is no doubt that dark, dreary, ill-veutilated liouses into which sunshine jienetrates witli dillieiiltv if at all lias an e.xtremeiy pre- jiidieial elTeet on healHi and .so favours tlu* invasion of tulieiele. I’ermanent dampne.ss, too. in hoii.ses is a very great evil strongly ealeulated to decrease the power of the individual to resist attack and it is of the utmost im|)ortauee Hiat every elfort slunild be made to eliminate Hiis serious defect from all dwelling-houses Better aecommodation im^ilics more room


and le.ss crowding together while sleeping whioli in turn moans that ventilation is better in all probability as tlicre is less necessity for any to be crowded up close to the wiiulow and therefore to object to its being ojieiied and so admitting fresli air during Hie liours of sleep. Early recognition of Hie disease is very desirabie. not only heeause it is to the advantage ot the imt'ient that proper treatment should he adopted in the most ourabic stage, but also, in order that measures for the 311*


veiitioii of the S3iread of infeetion should be 3iut ill force as soon as iiossible..


were 19 deatlis of infants under one year ; of age registeied during 1911 and this is ■ 4 more tlian Hu*, niimher for 1910. As com- '


; pared with former years in the district it is , high and is a movement in a, retrograde i diri-etion. U is very iiuieh liiglier tliiiii Hu* figure for 1910 wlien it was (iT.OT i onlv. X'ow wi* meet with a distiiictt .set hack wliieh is very disappointing, but _ from which 1 liiqie there wil! be a. s])eedy ‘ recovery, as I find Hiat a. very large proiiortion of the infantile deaths are due ' to eongenital eoiuUHons and not to di*fects .


in rearing. ,


■ IXRECTIOUS DISEASES.—There were in all, 17 eases of infectious disease notified , during 1911 and there- were three deaths. There were two cases of diiihtheria, one I occurring in tiic cai’ly ^lart of Hio year and j oiui in suinme.i* aticl iioHi eases occurred . in Wliiille^’. Then Hierc were four eases ( of erysipelas scattered througliout the 1 year, and througliout the distreit , two j of Hie eases oeeurring in Chipping sub- | division and one each in Clitheroe and. j


Wballey. j


^ There were nine eases of scarlet fev*e-j;, [ of which number no fewer than eight j oeeurred in the Chipping sub-divisioii and one in Wlialley. and not a single case ' oeeiir red in Clitheroe. The eight ease.s ' ill tlu*. Clijiqiing suh-division all occurred in the immediate nciglihourhood ot Stony- hurst. two of tlie cases being in Hie College itself. On tliis occasion there was no epidemic after Hie fust hieidenee ot the diseasi* and there was no further spread of infeetioii. T’he one case in Wlialley oeeurred rigid in the village where there seemed every jirobability of further mis- cliief occurring, hut tiiere was not another ease and the means used to jirevent the sjiread of infection ^iroved completely effective. This demoiistrate.s that if, pro­ per preeaiitions are taken and in.structions a ie intelligcntlv carried out tliere is not mueii risk of" a 'ividespread epidemic


taking place. Of course there is uo obso- hite jpiarantee of immunity from epidemic because everj-thing depends upon an intelligent appreciation of the instructions given and Hie precautions adopted. ° There was one ease of enteric fever whicli unfortunately jiroved fatal. This occuned in the Whallcy sub-division.. On the whole, the district.lias been rcniarkably free from infectious disease during 1911 ,■ a matter tor which we may be profoundly Hiankful as tlicre are .still numerous in- sauittu-y blots lying within our borders. PHTHISIS (Pulmonary Tuberculosis).


Tills disease has been n»ponsible for a very large number of cases, no less than, 10 having ebed' from this cause. This rejirescnts 10.59 per cent, of the deaths and is a very high proportion indeed. , death rate of 1 .58 jKtr dOOp


is thatj.tlicro is an increase instead of a


THE HUAEDIANS’ FORTNIGHTLY.


The fortnightly meeting of the. Clitheroe


Board of Guardian.s was held at the Workliouse on .Saturday morning. Air. W. Hanson 3iresided and tlicre were also


3iresent .Me.s.srs. H. H. Baldwin. A. Duor- den. T. Robinson (Downham). R. C. Asslieton. J.R., C.A.. G. Turner. R. Seed. .J. Brown and Mrs. W. L. Grime. HOUSE GO-ALAHTTEE.


'I’lie minutes ot a meeting of tlie House


Committee, held last Xliursday, and wliioli contained no matter of public interest, were approved on Hie proposition of -Mr. Asslieton, seconded by* -Mr. Robin­ son.


OLE RK’S REMUNERATION. It was decided, on Hie motion of Mr.


slsshoton, seconded by Mr. Brown, that the recommendation of tlie Asse.sameiit Committee that the Clerk’s salary for the


[last year be £45, be agreed to. ARRBOYAL.


A letter was road from the .Local


Government Board, approving the ap­ pointment of Dr. J. J. Smithies and Dr. Patohott as Medical Oflieers for the Gisburne and Ghixqiing districts res­ pectively.


GRANT. 'I’lie Clerk reported the receipt of


£599 9s. 8d. being half-year’s grant under the Agricultural Rates Act.


MASTER’S JOURNAL. The JIastcr's Journal showed the highest


number of inmates fos tlie 3iast fortnight to have been 118 against 114 in the cor­ responding xieriod last year. The vagrants relieved t-otalled 107 against 225.


Cbtpter t "What Some Folks


call d ea n , ottjers d on ’t. The particular woman wants her


clothes “ a nice colour.” That’s why particular women like


Fels-Naptha. I t not only takes o u t the dirt and


stains, but also leaves the c loth es a g o o d colour


It’s a new way of washing clothes


without hard rubbing ■ o f ' scrubbing. Seems strange, but so did matches ’ ;.*' I


at first.


I t also means a death rate ot X.i58 per to w Y e t . who would, use a tyndey smd of the population which is considorably |, flint now—-:who would use MV otner highef than the rate for 1910 when i t was j gQ^p who* knows Fels-Naptha ? ■ ’ V.°19 per 100(1. The unpleasant featmc ’


P 39 ,. ,


iiiiSia'B'c’ . .


A GOOD FRIDAY SC®NE AT WHALLEY. A scene at IVdialley on Good .Friday


night, had its sequel at the Clitheroe County Police Court on Saturday morning when Jotseiih Hurley', 9. James Street, Church, was brought before Mr. J. W. Carlisle and the Mayor (Aid. C. T. Mitchell) on the dual charge ot breach ot the peace and a.ssaiilting a 3iolicenian. R.S. Chiney said about 10-10 p.m. the


previous night he was called to a dis­ turbance in Accrington Road. w*hcre he


saw prisoner and several other men fighting. He se3iaratcd them and re­ quested them to go away. After they had walked a short distance prisoner rushed hack and threatened a man named J.ames Buleock. Witness got hold of lirisoner and w'as taking him away when lie began striking him about the head witli Ids clenchecl fist. He also tried to throw him. Two civilians came to wit- ncs.s’s assistance, but it wa.s only with great difficulty that they got prisoner to


Hie Police Station. Prisoner alleged that the officer handled


liim roughly. Witness declared that he never touched


yirisoner until ho began to strike him. Prisoner said he lost his temper when,


tlie officer got hold of him. Answering Mr. Carlisle, witness said Xirisoner had had some drink but he was


not intoxicated. Wm. .Baron and James Bulcock, both


residing in Queen Street, WTiallcy', S3ioke to witnessing the disturbance and seeing prisoner strike the officer. Prisoner asserted tiiafc if Bulcocl; liad


not interfered there would have been no blows struck. Bulcock summoned the


sergeant. Bulcock said he was trying to sexiaratc


two men who were fighting w*hcn prisoner


“ went for ” him. Prisoner said they were “ uTestling ”


not fighting. He did not deny striking P.S. Chiney who, he said, provoked: him. Had the officer got hold of him in a proper manner there would have been no bother ; he would have gone quietly. Inspector Young said tha t was prisoner’^ first ap3>earance.


Tlio case of breach was dismissed on


payment of costs hut a fine of £1 and costs was imposed for the assault, the Mtema- tivc being a month’sjimprisonment. ' i


“ T E N A ^ IT IN i l ’’ a Neiv Liquid Com^t fof.rneindirig and'Making.' ' In t'-tcs,' id. 'ed/,


M ■ W\


XKW .METHOD OK CI.KAX. CI.KAXLVU.


The Ulcerated cut or the nasty ulcer wluclii


iiii'*e you would have Jiad to see ytuiT doctoin alaiut. can rLOir. tlnuiks to tlu* i.iiventihri at Z:un-litik, ly ireated .safely aiul .successfully ill your own home. It was tlie discovery of die famous a n lL s . e 3 i t i c


nreee.ss. .and I t 'S in-


trodu'-fion iitto rlie iiome Iw meaii.s of the valiialilc /.am-Buk, that opeu.id uji new


jios.-'i bilities ill .SelfAreatmeiit of siqxTricvd woiiii'ts and sores. (.)U1-Iashic,>neil ointments are hindered in


ul'.eir work by tlu* ra.iiriil animai fats and iiilaera! jKiisons tliei- i*


c.iUm:!.ii. .At i'est. they


siin])!.\' glns.s ov.-r inst'a'l ct eurip.g tfiscasti. .X,i aitempr is made I" draw out of the


tis.sir.*s the gi*rm-Iife and poi.son whidi are llu* r'*:il i-aitse of iirhiiig anil intkimmatiou. U was in irylng t" .get o\*e.r rJiese


s.lnml-.l aig i'.loi’ks tha.t the wonrlerful ills- covery of /am-link occurred. C.arofiil re.seareh was i'diug (*oii<liu't:e<'.l into .dui nieilk'i.iial jiriqierties of eeriaiii hmicnis herlis. and it w.as found tlict oiu* of tlieni. exerted a.n extranrdinary destnicrive cffn.! on the tiny miieroK's tliat inf<*.st .a wound or sore. .A certain i-omliination of liealing ,exiracC.i


w.a..s ei’entually fouiul whicli not only des- trov.s the h.arnifiil gemi-life. lait effi'Ctively ilraus out all rhi,^ ba.d matter aiul ryirmij- llon. a.c,d ha\*iiiig tiiiis imrlfital the tissues. en.siires a. clean and raiiiil liealing. Thus at length, die greatest antiseptic


lieale.r the woriil ha.s e\’er seen was given to the miblii* uiiiler the name of /.ani-Huk,


and was instantli a.ci*lainiei! for simiilifying the treatment, ainl hasteniing the cure, of ev.*n olislinate attacks of eczema, ulcers, ]iiles. ringwonn. a.nd festering. a.s well a.s perfectly .healing all siqierticial wounds. Tota.llv different in eliaractc-i* from ixim-


mon ointnients. Zam-Hnk is al.so immeasui'- alilv siUK-rior to t.lu*m in lia.i'iiig a three-foid. action i.:ii the skinj. Kirst. it allays pain ;l i i i 1


irrira-tiou.


Stcc.mlly. it kills hanufiil gVrni(S and thus remi'vts all danger of a cut or soiv* t.aking “ had ways." I.a:slly. when the bad pk*u.*.e has tints lieen luirifiei!. it .grows a new l.ayeD of p'-rfectly new skin. 'I'he treatment is so sinqile anil vet .sol


effi.i-tive th:it to have a b.ax of /am-Buk and a roll of I'nt always liandy iir.ai'lieal'Iy f*aiv


verts vciiir Iiome into, an efficient lusipititE /am-Biik is sclil Iw <*hi*mi.sis in .s*.*aled Ixixcs an<le.n'l\- .*u is. i.lii.. as. pd. or qs. 6(1. .alxix. lii.iware or (*lu*;ni ini'.taltiims aiul rlrii’t Isc: persiiad -d into bluing ivorililuss .siib.stitiiU-.s.


ri 1


: t e i • Lill.


qv^Bl


0-


I


, ' ^


_yb


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