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Technology


Opening page: While HAWTs have dominated wind turbine technology, they could soon face a new challenger in VAWT technology.


“The system’s blades would be manufactured mostly straight, and then bent into shape – they’re kind of pre-stressed into their curved shape, and then held in that position with tension centre supports,” Ennis says. Once the blades start spinning, centrifugal forces alleviate some of those pre-stress effects. This enables the VAWT to operate at a lower extreme in terms of the strains that the blades see in operation. Not only is this an efficient way to make use of the composite materials’ mechanical properties, but it also allows for the modulation of the area when the centre supports can be actuated and the rotor dimensions changed. This means the rotor can be brought closer to the water level in high-windspeed cases, which can help reduce the platform’s overturning moment. “That’s traditionally been a challenge for Darrieus


VAWTs,” Ennis notes. “The benefit of the Darrieus VAWT is that the blades aren’t cantilever. So, you carry strain axially – the loads are less for axially-supported Darius VAWTs than they would be for cantilever blades, but you give up the ability to pitch the blade.” As a result, in high-windspeeds, traditional designs see thrust, and therefore loads, continuously increasing. For a floating platform, this would result in the need for greater mass. Sandia’s Darrieus design, on the other hand, allows for the reduction of the height of the loads, thereby reducing the overall force and moment on the platform.


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A tool for the trade Ennis hopes that Sandia’s recent work on VAWTs and its design tool will aid the wider industry. “The ultimate goal with the tool [is] that it would be commercialised – that a software company would come along and take it to the next level, improve the user experience and interface, and increase its usefulness at a commercial level,” he says. With ARCUS, Sandia are looking to take it to the next step and to demonstrate the technology. “We’ve done the best we can to trust our design tool, but ultimately we don’t have as much data as we like to be able to validate,” Ennis says. The ARCUS turbine is a deviation from what has been done previously with Darieus VAWTs, so demonstrating it at a meaningful scale would allow Sandia to improve the certainty they have in the performance of this novel rotor. However, challenges remain. Turning to a VAWT platform means that you’re moving to a less-proven technology. The wind industry is large and can be risk averse – which is why Ennis identifies the need for Sandia to minimise risk in the process. “For a developer to decide that riskier path, there would have to be sufficient of benefit from the financials – that’s what we’re working to prove,” he notes. “And that’s what we hope our design tool will help others to prove for their different VAWT designs and systems.” ●


10/31/2022 3:07:21 PM World Wind Technology / www.worldwind-technology.com


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