| Carbon capture


Above: Figure 1. CCS projects by sector and scale (CO2 to receive CO2 from a range of hard-to-abate


sectors such as waste to energy (WtE), steel, chemicals, oil refineries and cement. When the Norcem Brevik cement plant in Norway was funded by the Norwegian government in late 2020, the Langskip CCS network also took a step forward, the GCCSI


Americas 1


2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 8


Europe and United Kingdom


14 11


13 16 17 21 Network name 1 ACTL 2 North Dakota Carbonsafe


4 Summit Carbon Solutions 5 CarbonSafe Illinois


6 Illinois Storage Corridor 7 Wabash CarbonSafe 8 Petrobras Santos Basin 9 HyNet North West


10 South Wales Industrial Cluster 11 Net Zero Teesside 12 Humber Zero


13 Zero Carbon Humber 14 Acorn


15 Langskip


Above: Figure 2. CCS networks around the world Network name


Capacity (Mtpa) 1.7 - 14.6 3.0 - 17.0


3 Integrated Mid-Continent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub


1.9 - 19.4 7.9


2.0 - 15.0 6.5


1.5 – 18 3.0


4.5-10.0 9.0


0.8 - 6.0 8.0


Up to 18.3 5.0 - 10.0 1.5 - 5.0


16 Antwerp@C 9.0 17 Porthos 18 Athos


2.0 - 5.0 1.0 - 6.0


19 Greensand


20 C4 Copenhagen 21 Ravenna Hub


22 Abu Dhabi Cluster 23 Xinjiang Junggar 24 CarbonNet


Alberta Carbon Grid Barents Blue Dartagnan


CarbonConnectDelta


Houston Ship Channel CCS Innovation Zone


Aramis


Edmonton Hub Louisiana Hub


In operation


Advanced development Early development


24


capture capacity) over time


report says. Norcem Brevik will capture and liquefy 400 000 tonnes of CO2


a year, which will


be transported by ship to the Naturgassparken, then offloaded and pumped via pipeline to offshore storage beneath the North Sea. The other capture project in this network – the Fortum Oslo Varme WtE capture project is in


15 20 19 18


APAC, Asia and Middle East 23


22


advanced development and also expected to capture and liquefy 400 000 tonnes of CO2


a


capture capacity of 7.9 million tonnes a year, the GCCSI report says. Supporting 31 separate bioethanol plants, “it leverages the twin economies of low-cost capture (corn fermentation CO2 of CO2


costs.”


Capacity (Mtpa) 3.5 3.0


Up to 4.0 2.7 - 5.0 0.2 - 3.0 2.0 - 5.0


More than 20.0 1.8


10.0 6.5


Up to100.0


More than 20.0 10


5.0 - 10.0 CCS


In recent years, the UK has seen cluster plans develop in a number of regions, the GCCSI report observes. These include the Humber Zero network and the nearby Zero Carbon Humber and Net Zero Teesside networks – the latter two recently combining to form what is called the East Coast Cluster.


More UK networks are under development, in Northern Scotland (Acorn), Wales and England (HyNet North West) and South Wales (South Wales Industrial Cluster).


All are based in areas with heavy industry – including oil refineries, power stations and natural gas processing plants – with reasonable proximity to offshore storage.


In addition to climate mitigation, these UK networks are driven by the social and economic value they will deliver. They will protect jobs in industries that would otherwise be emissions- intense and incompatible with the net zero commitment, and create many new ones, the GCCSI report suggests.


HyNet and the East Coast Cluster have recently been confirmed as “Track-1” projects, with the Scottish Cluster (including Acorn) in reserve (see pp 24-26).


www.modernpowersystems.com | November/December 2021 | 23


year. Langskip CCS network has been designed for an initial 1.5 Mtpa of storage (in one well) with plans for 5 Mtpa (multiple wells) in phase two. The Summit Carbon Solutions network, under development, is emerging as the world’s largest negative emissions network, with planned CO2


is high purity) and aggregation streams, reducing transport and storage


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