GEO-6 Regional Assessment for North America


Figure 2.9.1: Resource pyramid concept


Figure 2.9.2: How gas drilling could affect the environment Figure 2.9.3: Oklahoma, US, earthquakes over time


Figure 2.9.4: The levelized cost of electricity from utility-scale renewable technologies, 2010 and 2014 Figure 2.9.5: Bike-sharing programmes in the US, 2007–2014


Figure 3.1.1: US national environmental legislation, 1973-2015 (number of Congressional Bills)


Figure 3.1.2: Percentages of US Democrats and Republicans reporting that national spending on the environment is “Too Little,” 1974-2012


Figure 3.2.1: Trends in proportion of area protected, Canada, 1990-2014 Figure 3.2.2: Distribution of species formally listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA, 2014


Figure 3.2.3: Total area occupied by monarch butterfly colonies at over-wintering sites in Mexico, 1994/1995–2014/2015


Figure 3.2.4: Monarch butterfly fall migration patterns


Figure 3.2.5: Total and average monarch abundance estimates with standard error of the means at 76-187 over-wintering sites, 1997-2015


Figure 3.2.6: Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Management Plan


Figure 3.2.7: State development of numeric criteria for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, 1998–2016 Figure 3.2.8 : Summary of California Emergency Conservation Regulation Figure 3.2.9: Mechanism of osmosis and reverse osmosis Figure 3.2.10: Energy-from-waste plant diagram


Figure 3.2.11: The Columbia University Superfund Research Programme “NPL Superfund Footprint: Site, Population, and Environmental Characteristics” Mapper


Figure 3.2.14: Elements of a sustainable consumption and production system


Figure 3.2.15: Human appropriation of net primary production, excluding effects of human-induced fires Figure 3.2.16: Outline of a circular economy Figure 3.2.17: Ecosystem services


Figure 3.3.1: Sales of fuels subject to BC carbon tax Figure 3.3.2: Drone-enabled agricultural intelligence


Figure 3.3.3: ERMA web-based mapping application: Deepwater Gulf Response Figure 3.3.4: Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) interactive mapping tool


Figure 3.3.5: Canadian Wildland Fire Information System: Head fire intensity in Canada, 2015 Figure 3.3.6: Inequalities in access to and use of ICT Services


Figure 3.3.7: Portland and Multnomah County Climate Action Plan accomplishments Figure 4.1.1: North America’s GDP relative to the world


Figure 4.1.2: Canada and the US (combined), ageing population, 1950, 2015 and 2050 Figure 4.1.3: North American population density, 2015 Figure 4.1.4: Climate change projection for North America Figure 4.1.5: Projected temperature change by 2071-2099


Figure 4.1.6: Canada’s emission projections in 2020 and 2030 (Mt CO2 eq) Figure 4.1.7: Historic and projected US GHG emissions under Obama Administration targets


Figure 4.1.9: Growth in solar photovoltaic energy potential,cumulative capacity additions 2012-2020, gigawatts


310


144 146 150 151 153 158


158 171 172


173 173


174 178 180 183 185 187


189


Figure 3.2.12: Impact of production tax credit expiration and extension on us annual installed wind capacity 194 Figure 3.2.13: North American shale plays


195 200 202 203 205 215 217 218 220 221 222 226 231 232 233 234 235 236 237


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