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INTERIORS
measure to ensure junctions and transitions remain fully sealed, particularly important for wetroom design. Together, these measures create a watertight envelope from wall to fl oor and if combined with good ventilation, the bathroom space will support the needs of occupants of all ages and abilities as they change over time.
Durability, layout & acoustics Bathrooms in HRMOs experience heavy use and frequent cleaning but to be inclusive, the layout requires intelligent spatial planning to allow for a 1,600 mm clear wheelchair turning circle, and a carer. Internal partitions and linings must be
Wall systems must achieve multiple performance targets simultaneously: fi re resistance, moisture protection, acoustic privacy, and structural durability to support fi nishes and fi xtures
Fire safety
Fire safety requires a holistic approach that integrates both passive and active systems. Partition systems enclosing bathrooms and risers must meet stringent fi re performance criteria, including compartmentation and resistance to fi re spread.
Designers should specify wall linings with
an A1 non-combustible rating – verifi ed to EN 13501. This will help maintain protection in areas where high humidity can weaken traditional linings. The use of fi re-rated boards and coordinated fi re stopping ensures that compartment walls and ceilings continue to perform even under the most demanding conditions.
Moisture management Bathrooms are constantly exposed to moisture, condensation, and temperature fl uctuations. Without resilient material selection, this can quickly lead to deterioration, mould, and loss of performance. Inorganic cement boards engineered for wet areas are unaffected by water and have dimensional stability, even when fully immersed in water. Tanking remains an essential secondary
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specifi ed to resist wear, but also support the weight of heavy tiles and fi ttings. To futureproof a bathroom space and avoid the waste and cost of further remediation, it is critical to reinforce walls with additional moisture resistant boards designed for high load. This ensures safe fi xing of support rails and seats if needed later. Sound management is particularly important in mixed-use or multi-family HRMO developments. Uncontrolled noise will not only undermine privacy but increase stress levels for residents. Acoustic- rated partitions and ceilings help to control airborne and impact sound transmission, creating a calmer, more comfortable environment. Effective acoustic design also depends on intelligent spatial planning.
Thermal comfort & energy performance
Designing a comfortable bathroom for all users relies on good thermal balance, avoiding cold spots and condensation while limiting energy use. This is especially important for children and older residents who will be more sensitive to sudden temperature changes. Dry lining systems minimises heat loss and thermal performance of walls.
Achieving all these demands thoughtful design underpinned with a technical confi dence in well tested products and collaboration between architects, engineers, and product manufacturers. When manufacturers engage directly with project teams and offer comprehensive transparent technical data, specifi cations become smarter, risks are reduced, and inclusive outcomes are enhanced.
Rebecca Goldsmith is product manager, exteriors at Knauf
ADF JANUARY 2026
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