GENOMICS
ALIGN INSIGHT
NGIS
CLOUD
DEVELOP WORKFLOWS
Test the workflows
Monitor Pre-Post eXams
INTELLIGENCE IMPROVEMENTS
WHITE DATA ACCREDITATION Fig 6. Workflow governance. NGIS = National Genomic Information System.
International Standard: the introduction of ISO 15189:2022. (RCPath, 2022) https://
www.rcpath.org/discover-pathology/ news/a-new-international-standard-the-
introduction-of-iso-15189-2022.html
21 Secomandi S, Gallo GR, Rossi R, et al. Pangenome graphs and their applications in biodiversity genomics. Nat Genet. 2025;57(1):13-26. doi:10.1038/s41588- 024-02029-6 [published correction appears in Nat Genet. 2025 Mar;57(3):763. doi: 10.1038/s41588-025-02132-2.].
22 Chikhi R, Dufresne Y, Medvedev P. Constructing and personalizing population pangenome graphs. Nat Methods. 2024;21(11):1980-1981. doi:10.1038/ s41592-024-02402-7
23 NHS Genomic AI Network. Public Perspectives, The use of AI in Genomic Medicine. (NHS, 2024) https://
genomicainetwork.nhs.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2025/04/AI-and-Genomics- Report-Final-1-compressed.pdf
24 NHS Genomic AI Network. Resources. (NHS, 2025) https://genomicainetwork.
nhs.uk/resources/
25 NHS Genomic AI Network. Genomic AI Tool Log. (NHS, 2025) https://genomicainetwork.
nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/ Website-Version-260325.pdf
26 Katsoulakis E, Wang Q, Wu H, et al. Digital twins for health: a scoping review. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):77. doi:10.1038/ s41746-024-01073-0
27 Ringeval M, Etindele Sosso FA, Cousineau M, Paré G. Advancing Health Care With Digital Twins: Meta-Review of Applications and Implementation Challenges. J Med Internet Res.
30 2025;27:e69544. doi:10.2196/69544
28 Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. Tackling AI security risks to unleash growth and deliver Plan for Change. (
GOV.UK, 2025)
https://www.gov. uk/government/news/tackling-ai-security- risks-to-unleash-growth-and-deliver-plan- for-change
29 UK Research and Innovation. AIRR Expression of Interest to use UK large scale compute. (UKRI, 2025)
https://engagementhub.ukri.org/ukri- infrastructure/airr-eoi/
30 NHS England. AI knowledge repository. (NHS, 2025)
https://digital.nhs.uk/services/ ai-knowledge-repository
31 Idiakhoa O. Quantum Computing Meets Genomics: The Dawn of Hyper-Fast DNA Analysis. (medium, 2024) https://medium. com/kinomoto-mag/quantum-computing- meets-genomics-the-dawn-of-hyper-fast- dna-analysis-03208c1428d8
32 Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M, Yadav S, Ramasubramanian S, Balaji S. Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Emerging Role of Quantum Computing in Enhancing Medical Technology and Treatment. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e67486. doi:10.7759/cureus.67486
33 Alvarellos M, Sheppard HE, Knarston I, et al. Democratizing clinical-genomic data: How federated platforms can promote benefits sharing in genomics. Front Genet. 2023;13:1045450. doi:10.3389/ fgene.2022.1045450
34 Flöther F, Blankenberg D, Demidik M, et al. How quantum computing can enhance biomarker discovery. Patterns. 101236, April 29, 2025. Doi:10.48550/
arXiv.2411.10511
35 Lu S, Cosgun E. Boosting GPT models for genomics analysis: generating trusted genetic variant annotations and interpretations through RAG and Fine- tuning. Bioinform Adv. 2025;5(1):vbaf019. doi:10.1093/bioadv/vbaf019
36 Groza T, Caufield H, Gration D, et al. An evaluation of GPT models for phenotype concept recognition. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2024;24(1):30. doi:10.1186/ s12911-024-02439-w
37 Gil J. OpenAI GPT-5: Ph.D.-Level Intelligence Expected by 2025. (Geekmetaverse, 2024) https://www.
geekmetaverse.com/openai-gpt-5-ph-d- level-intelligence-2025
James A Henry, MSc Mol Path Research, MSc Biomedical Sciences, PhD Candidate by Publication
James has spent a decade presenting research nationally and internationally and was invited by the United Nations to submit a Scientific Policy Brief. Population Health Management, Human Phenotype Ontology Policy for Biological Modelling Classifications is a foundation for citizen- centric primary care. His six publications advance pathology and policy in practice for AI applications in medicine and public health. James actively seeks employment and funding to support his doctorate by publication, ensuring the successful dissemination of his accepted research papers. Please get in touch via email to discuss opportunities for sponsorship or engagement.
James.henry19@outlook.com JUNE 2025
WWW.PATHOLOGYINPRACTICE.COM
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DARK DATA
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