WATER HYGIENE AND SAFETY – SPECIAL REPORT
Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health & Safety Executive, 2013.
5 Legionnaires’ disease. Technical guidance HSG 274, Part 2, The control of legionella bacteria in hot and cold water systems. Health & Safety Executive, 2014.
6 Health Technical Memorandum 04-01: Safe water in healthcare premises. Part B: Operational management. Department of Health, 2016.
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7 Anaissie EJ, Penzak SR, Dignani MC. The hospital water supply as a source of nosocomial infections: a plea for action. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (13): 1483-92.
8 Healthier Scotland Single Room Provision Steering Group Report. Scottish Government, 2008.
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9 Stockley J, Constantine CE, Orr KE. Association Of Medical Microbiologists' New Hospital Developments Project Group. Building new hospitals: a UK infection control perspective. J Hosp Infect 2006; 62 (3): 285-99.
10 Lalancette C, Charron D, Laferrière C et al. Hospital drains as reservoirs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis genotypes recovered from faucets, sink surfaces and patients. Pathogens 2017; 6 (3): 36.
11 Salm F, Deja M, Gastmeier P et al. Prolonged outbreak of clonal MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa on an intensive care unit: contaminated sinks and contamination of ultra-filtrate bags as possible route of transmission? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5: 53.
12 Breathnach AS, Cubbon MD, Karunaharan RN, Pope CF, Planche TD. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks in two hospitals: association with contaminated hospital waste-water systems. J Hosp Infect 2012; 82 (1): 19-24.
13 Weinbren MJ. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance and other healthcare waterborne pathogens. The price of poor design, construction, usage and maintenance of modern water/sanitation services. J Hosp Infect 2020. Mar 31; S0195-6701(20)30133-X. Online doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.034.
14 Scottish Health Technical Memorandum (SHTM) Water safety for healthcare premises – Design, installation and testing (SHTM 04-01 Part A). Health Facilities Scotland, July 2014.
15 Carter CD, Barr BA. Infection control issues in construction and renovation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18 (8): 587-96.
16 Noskin GA, Peterson L. Engineering infection control through facility design. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7 (2): 354-7.
17 BS 8680:2020 Water quality. Water safety plans. Code of practice, 2020. BSI: UK.
Dr Susanne Surman-Lee
Dr Susanne Surman-Lee BSc.(Hons), PhD,
C.Biol, FRSB, FRSPH, FIHEEM, FWMSoc, MPWTAG, is a State Registered Clinical Scientist (Public Health Microbiologist) with over 45 years’ experience in clinical and public health microbiology. She is a former director of the HPA (now Public Health England) London Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, and now director and co-owner of Leegionella Ltd – an independent public health consultancy recognised nationally and internationally for both training and its expertise in the detection of waterborne pathogens and prevention of waterborne disease by the development and implementation of Water Safety Plans, especially in healthcare and the travel industry. She has experience of investigating cases, outbreaks, and incidents of gross contamination in over 50
healthcare premises nationally and internationally, which has given her a unique insight into the root cause of the problems associated with poor design, specification, installation, commissioning, and operation, of water systems, especially in healthcare premises.
Dr Lee has also organised many conferences on water quality management in healthcare with the Royal Society for Public Health, and is also the Programme director for the RSPH Water Webinar Series and chair of the RSPH Water Special Interest Group. For almost 20 years she has been involved with the development of national and international guidelines, including the World Health Organization publications, Legionella and the Prevention of legionellosis, and Water Safety in Buildings, HSG 274, HSG 282, HTM 04-01, BS 7592, and BS 8580-1, and chaired the panel which produced BS 8680:2020 Water quality. Water safety plans. Code of practice. She is the current chair of the panel BSI panel writing BS 8580-2 Water Quality risk assessment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other waterborne pathogens. She was also chair of the ESCMID Study group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI) working group, which produced the Technical Guidelines for the prevention, control and investigation of infections caused by Legionella, and Guidance for managing building water systems, including in healthcare, in the time of COVID.
George McCracken
George McCracken joined the Health Service in 1993 as a hospital engineer in Down Lisburn Trust in Northern Ireland. Prior to this appointment he worked in industry, in cable manufacturing and foundry works. In 2002 he moved to the Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, to take up the role of senior engineer, before in 2007 taking up post as head of Estates Risk and Environment in the new Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, which is one of the largest NHS Trusts in the UK. He holds a 1st Class Honours Degree in Construction Engineering & Management, is a Chartered Member of the Institute of Building, and an associate member of IHEEM.
He currently leads a Risk Team that has, and continues to provide, an innovative approach to the management of risk with an estates healthcare environment.
George McCracken has been actively involved as a British Standards Institution Committee member, latterly on BS 8680: 2020 Water quality. Water safety plans. Code of practice, and was involved also in the update of HTM 04-01, and in the creation of various technical guidance documents for the management of water hygiene within healthcare premises. Recently he has been leading the creation of design guides to help support contractors and improve the performance of new-build healthcare estate. He also leads the Estates Environmental Team, which has been ‘at the forefront of developing new and innovative technologies which promote sustainability in healthcare’, and also contributes to reducing healthcare inequalities to the population of Northern Ireland.
December 2020 Health Estate Journal 27
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