TECHNOLOGY | 3D PRINT COMPOUNDS
production of parts up to a hundred-fold compared to previous 3D print processes.
Carbon has developed a novel polyure- thane liquid resin for production of parts;
Above: Fizik’s Adaptive cycle seat is printed using DLS technology from Carbon
Right: A door handle part produced for XEV’s electric car using Polymaker fibre reinforced compounds
Below: UPM and Carbodeon have intro- duced a PLA filament reinforced with cellulose and nanodiamond additives
Covestro is a key partner in the scale-up and high-volume production of this material. Covestro’s Patrick Rosso, Global Head of Additive Manufacturing, says the biggest challenge in the upscaling of additive manufacturing to series production lies in the supply of suitable materials in the required quality and quantity. By partnering with companies such as Carbon, he says the company can push existing scale boundaries and support various industries along the value chain on their way to digital mass production. Carbon’s DLS technology is now being used for the first time on a large scale. Similar to stereolithography, the part is created in a vat of liquid plastic resin that is cured by means of UV radiation. Where it differs is that oxygen is supplied from below through a light and air permeable mem- brane to counteract the curing and create a liquid dead zone. This means the printed part can be pulled continuously upward without the formation of individual layers. Development of new reinforced plastic compounds for use in 3D printing is expanding applications for the technology. UPM and Carbo- deon are developing cellulose and nanodiamond reinforced raw materials for 3D printing for use in both FGF and FFF processes. Carbodeon Chief Executive Officer Vesa Myllymäki says that by joining forces the companies are able to combine the good mechanical properties and printing speed of nanodiamond-enhanced 3D printing products with UPM’s cellulose-based 3D printing raw materials. The companies say the nanodia-
mond additives provide the part not only with improved stiffness and strength but also higher heat deflection temperature. In addition, printing speed is significantly enhanced due to the tailored thermal and flow properties of the compound while the fine cellulose fibres give some self-sup- port to enable objects with round or other complex shapes to be printed without warpage problems. Other benefits of cellulose biocomposites are
wood-like post processing, according to Eve Saarikoski, Application Manager UPM Biocompos- ites. Printed parts not only have a pleasant matt surface but can be finished using standard wood processing methods. UPM Formi raw material grades are recyclable and available with FSC and PEFC certification. The first UPM/Carbodeon 3D products are PLA-based, with possible further developments on other thermoplastic materials. The nanodiamond modified PLA is available in black and iron-grey, in addition to ‘natural’ and ‘pearl like’. The filament is available in 1.75mm and 2.85mm diameters to cover all machine types. Reel sizes are 1kg and 2.3kg.
Fibre solutions
Polymaker has launched two new industrial materials – PolyMide PA6-CF and PolyMide
PA6-GF – for extrusion-based 3D printing. The two new materials are both fibre reinforced polyamide polymers that display high strength and heat deflection temperatures. Both materials feature Polymaker’s latest Fibre Adhesion technol- ogy, which boosts the layer adhesion of printed parts not only on the x-y axis but also on the z-axis. The company says PolyMide PA6-CF is a carbon
fibre reinforced PA6 offering the highest strength, impact resistance and heat deflection of all Polymaker 3D printing materials. With a heat deflection temperature of 215°C, it lends itself to automotive applications where strength and heat resistance are required from the material. It is also an ESD-safe material, making it a suitable candi- date for printing electronic jigs and fixtures. PolyMide PA6-GF is a glass fibre reinforced polyamide (PA6) that offers good mechanical properties, impact strength and stiffness. Again, the material is said to show good thermal and mechan- ical properties without sacrificing layer adhesion. It can be used to print parts suitable for use over a wide temperature range; it has been used to make custom laboratory equipment for operation at temperatures as low as -190°C.
22 COMPOUNDING WORLD | October 2019
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PHOTO: CARBODEON
PHOTO: FIZIK
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