“This forces many companies to introduce various litter dis- posal systems – from biofuel generators to carbonising fur- naces. However, most livestock, swine, and poultry producers still utilise the classical composting technologies as in many regions, there is a lot of land available for these purposes,” Davleyev says. “Recently, a policy for tightening environmental legislation has been pursued, with the government strengthening con- trol over the activities of the facilities affecting the environ- ment, and also tightening the punishment systems for viola- tions,” comments Vyacheslav Ilyinsky, HSE director of the Russian biggest meat producer Cherkizovo. “Almost all livestock enterprises belong to the first and the highest category of hazardous facilities. Of course, their im- pact on the environment cannot be compared with that of oil refineries, metallurgical, or chemical companies, but the fact remains that the state assesses them as equally dangerous,” Ilyinsky adds. Despite the enhancing government control, it is the public opinion that remains the main driver of changes. The leading Russian companies now have to turn to technological solu- tions that provide emission reduction and environmental protection superior to what the Russian law demands. For in- stance, Cherkizovo is heavily investing in the environmen- tal-protection campaign, Ilyinsky says.
“The company is reconstructing and modernising existing treatment facilities of meat processing plants to improve run- off quality. Technologies of physicochemical and biological treatment are used, including those based on membrane bio- reactors and ultraviolet irradiation,” Ilyinsky says, adding that this is not the only example of what the company does to be- come a more eco-friendly business. “Currently, the most modern pig breeding complexes and large slaughterhouses are being built in Russia,” says Andrey Dalnov, senior analyst of the Russian state-owned bank Ros- selhoznabank. “The Russian livestock industry is relatively young. Most production complexes were built in the last 20 years using modern technologies, taking into account the is- sues of animal welfare and environmental protection”.
Global warming concerns “The protection of the environment is in the spotlight with- in the Russian agricultural industry, but in Russia and Eu- rope, these trends have slightly different rationale,” com- ments a source in the Russian livestock industry who wishes not to be named. “Global warming is not on the agenda in Russia, which is why some solutions in this area are more popular than others. For example, CO2
emissions usually receive proper attention, while feeding solutions aimed at reducing methane emis- ▶ SUSTAINABILITY AND WELFARE | OCTOBER 2020 17
Cherkizovo is heavily investing in the environment protection campaign
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