FEED SAFETY ▶▶▶


Figure 2 - Impact of moisture level on Salmonella at temperatures above 100 Degrees Celsius


Impact of moisture level on Salmonella at >100 Degrees Celsius 1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 11,6 13,3 13,9 14,9


an adequate length of time. Table 1 shows the decimal reduction time (D values) required to eliminate 90% of sal- monella colony-forming units (cfu/g) in broiler starter feed production. This means that for this method to be efficient, conditioning temperatures need to be high enough and retention time needs to be long enough.


Adding organic acids Beyond implementing operational safeguards prior to and during processing, quality managers in the feed mill and on the farm should implement steps to avoid cross-contam- ination following hydrothermal treatment of the feed. The most potent method to help avoid the risk of microbial re-contamination lies in the combination of hydrothermal treatment with buffered and synergistic blends of organic acids and surfactants. This combined strategy can correct any moisture loss that occurred during the feed production process, as well as provide an effective preservation solu-


tion to increase protection against moulds, yeast and Enterobacteriaceae. The continued availability of buffered organic acids and sur- factants which inhibit the growth of micro-organisms deliv- ers a long-lasting effect when used to treat critical raw ma- terials such as corn, soybean meal or compound feed. Integrated surfactants allow the buffered organic acids to


Table 2 – trail results.


Stressed shelf life* (days) Control Group


Trial One Trial Two


6 24


Formaldehyde Blend of buffered synergistic organic acids & surfactants 11


30


54 78


*Stressed shelf life: this is a method to accelerate the determination of the shelf life of the feed. Actual shelf life is 3 to 6 times of the stressed shelf life, depending on the tem- perature and relative humidity of the region.


28 ▶ POULTRY WORLD | No. 2, 2020


achieve their full effect due to reduced surface tension, ena- bling better absorption and distribution throughout the feed materials. A previous approach to guard against re-contamination was the use of formaldehyde. Although formaldehyde was long considered an effective end-of-pipe solution for microbial decontamination, there are safety considerations. Unlike buffered organic acids and surfactants, formaldehyde is con- sidered carcinogenic and a threat to human health. Its haz- ardous effects have led various countries to ban the use of formaldehyde in animal feed. Additionally, research sug- gests formaldehyde can have a negative effect on broiler performance, particularly on daily weight gain and feed conversion rates. Trouw Nutrition approached the development of its Fysal products with a combination of improvements in mind. These products were developed to improve feed hygiene and strengthen the natural barrier against gram-bacteria in the first part of the digestive tract. Just as buffered and synergis- tic blends of organic acids and surfactants protect feed mate- rials and compound feed against re-contamination on the farm and in animal feed, they have also been shown to ex- tend shelf life. As the table shows, a product containing buff- ered acids considerably extended the shelf life of the feed and raw materials, compared with formaldehyde.


Feed safety is the end goal Although thermal treatment along with synergistic blends of buffered organic acids and surfactants have a positive impact in the battle against microbial risks, such as salmonella, these tools are not a panacea. To address the many ways that mi- crobial re-contamination may occur before, during and after processing, an effective feed safety programme is necessary at the mill and on the farm. This programme should evaluate the necessary conditions, such as the quality of feed ingredi- ents, identify critical control points along the production chain, and specify hygiene practices at each step of the feed production process. As part of a comprehensive feed safety programme a strategy which addresses the risk of salmonella re-activation can optimise safety at the mill, on the farm and in animal feed. Hydrothermal treatment coupled with buff- ered and synergistic organic acids can help support safe feed and ultimately, feed-to-food safety.


Reduc9on in cfu/gr


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36