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FIRE SAFETY


in July 2016, with the objective of providing technical assistance for emergencies and dangerous situations. Requirements are now in place governing the technical systems that trigger alarms in dangerous situations, call for help, warn those involved or issue audible instructions. It means that the organisational concept can be supported by technology appropriate to the lockdown objective.


Currently, the best advice offered regarding the development of lockdown procedures in the UK comes from the National Counter Terrorism Security Office (NaCTSO). Its Guidance Note 1/2015 Developing Dynamic Lockdown Procedures provides information to develop procedures to lockdown sites in response to a fast moving incident.


However, due to the differences between the types of sites, NaCTSO claims it is not possible to give prescriptive advice, but details planning considerations applicable to most sites. As well as providing guidance regarding planning, reviewing, identifying staff roles and responsibilities, staff training and ensuring flexibility with process to cover both evacuation and invacuation, it also suggests that in certain circumstances the National Police Chiefs’ Council’s ‘run, hide, tell’ policy should be taught.


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Though not directly referencing schools, NaCTSO’s Crowded Places Guidance, which was published in June 2017, offers advice to those who are responsible for the security of higher and further education institutions, irrespective of size and location. One element of the guidance that should be of particular interest to facilities managers is its comment that ‘Public address (PA) systems, if available, provide more flexibility to provide information and instructions appropriate to the scenario and to provide positive confirmation to staff and visitors that the emergency is real, thereby reducing delay in response’.


KEEP TALKING In a situation where a lockdown is required, communication technology is at the heart of issuing clear information that can keep people safe. Therefore, a holistic security system that includes an integrated alarm and communication system through which announcements and instructions can be transmitted audibly to all persons in the building is vital.


As well as integrating with access control, telephony, CCTV and fire detection systems, it also allows emergencies to be immediately reported to a central location, the nature and extent of the danger to be verified, and enables measures to assist and protect staff and pupils to be taken immediately. Furthermore, a system can also be used for internal everyday communication, enhancing the value of any financial investment.


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TWICE AS NICE A school safety system comprises two key components – a voice alarm (VA) system and an IP based intercom system. The former acts like a standard PA system until triggered by an alarm, whereby it then broadcasts pre-programmed voice messages or live announcements.


If an incident occurs, specific directions and instructions can be communicated to all persons in the building and a VA system can be connected to a fire detection panel, so negates the need for separate sounders throughout the building. Backed up by batteries or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which operates in the event of a power outage, the entire system can also be fully monitored for faults.


An IP based intercom system allows for direct communication between administration office and classrooms and consists of master stations, sub- stations, interfaces and exchanges. Integration with a VA system can be achieved through an audio interface that allows paging announcements to be made through sub-stations in areas with no speakers, while master stations can broadcast via the VA system.


Once in-situ, a system provides support in everyday communication and any problems reported immediately and with ease. The situation in a classroom can be verified over the intercom system, with actions initiated in an informed and controlled manner. Information is communicated directly to the persons concerned and, if necessary, emergency responders can patch through announcements to all classrooms by phone and issue instructions.


TAKE ACTION Although the reasons behind the growing number of school lockdowns are worrying, by having clear and effective communication systems installed alongside well rehearsed and understood lockdown procedures, schools can speed up the process of crisis resolution and ensure maximum safety for all occupants.


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